The purpose of this study is to reveal the extent to which different leadership models in education are studied, including the change in the trends of research on each model over time, the most prominent scholars working on each model, and the countries in which the articles are based. The analysis of the related literature was conducted by first employing a bibliometric analysis of the research and review papers indexed in the Web of Science database between 1980 and 2014. Then, a more in-depth analysis of selected papers was done using the content analysis method. The results showed that there has been increasing interest in leadership models in educational research over time. Distributed leadership, instructional leadership, teacher leadership, and transformational leadership are the most studied leadership models in educational research. It was also found that related research increasingly focuses on the effects of leaders on organizational behaviors/conditions and on student achievement. Accordingly, usage of quantitative methodology has significantly increased during the last decade. Possible reasons for these changes, implications, and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

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KeywordsWhile the educational leadership literature is replete with studies focusing on leadership practices at K-12 level, higher education institutions all over the world do not receive their share from this intense scholarly interest. This is the case with Turkish higher education institutions too. Starting from this point of view, the purpose of this study is to examine department chairs' needs in performing academic leadership. To this end, the study was designed as a qualitative inquiry. In order to reveal a range of leadership experiences, maximum variation sampling was employed to address the diversity of chairs' academic leadership experiences. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the study group of 16 department chairs who varied in terms of their province, university type (public and foundation), teaching field, gender, and years of service in chairship position. Findings emerged in the phase of content analysis revealed that needs of department chairs can be categorized under the themes of: (a) More autonomy for decisionmaking in staff recruitment, monetary, and curricular issues (b) Additional academic and clerical personnel, and (c) Training for leadership and orientation for administrative duties.

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