Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy in humans with a frequency of about 1:700 live births. Free trisomy 21 constitutes about 95% of all cases, also known as standard Down syndrome. Nonclassic trisomies constitutes 5% and within this group almost half have 14/21 while the remainder carry 21/21, 15/21, and other Robertsonian translocations and mosaic trisomies. Although there are no phenotypic differences between standard and translocation trisomy 21, the latter could be the result of the possibility that one of the parents is a carrier for translocation. Therefore, parents' karyotypes should be evaluated in such cases. In this study, we report the process of diagnosis, comorbid conditions, and genetic counseling in two newborn patients with Down syndrome in the light of current literature.

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In this study, titanium isopropoxide was chosen as a precursor. It was dissolved in isopropanol for 30 minutes. Then non-ionic surfactants (Triton X-100), were used to obtain the separation and mono dispersion in the sol-gel reaction. In this experiment, the dip-coating method was chosen as a coating method. Sodalime glass substrates were coated with the alkoxide-based coating solution by a dip coater. The coated films were dried at 80 °C in an oven to allow the alcohol, organic solvent, and excess water to evaporate from the films. After evaporation of solvents, coated glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), goniometer, light Transmittance/Haze meter, and Gloss meter. The hydrophilic surface was successfully obtained from titanium alkoxide-based coating solution.