While computed tomography (CT) is now commonly used and considered to be clinically valuable, significant DNA double-strand breaks (γ-H2AX foci) in white blood cells from adult and pediatric CT patients have been frequently reported. In this study to determine whether γ-H2AX foci and X-ray-induced naked DNA damage are suppressed by administration of the PrC-210 radioprotector, human blood samples were irradiated in a CT scanner at 50-150 mGy with or without PrC-210, and γ-H2AX foci were scored. X-ray-induced naked DNA damage was also studied, and the DNA protective efficacy of PrC-210 was compared against 12 other common "antioxidants." PrC-210 reduced CT radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci in white blood cells to near background ( P < 0.0001) at radiation doses of 50-150 mGy. PrC-210 was most effective among the 13 "antioxidants" in reducing naked DNA X-ray damage, and its addition at 30 s before an OH pulse reduced to background theOH insult that otherwise induced >95% DNA damage. A systemic PrC-210 dose known to confer 100% survival in irradiated mice had no discernible effect on micro-CT image signal-to-noise ratio and CT image integrity. PrC-210 suppressed DNA damage to background or near background in each of these assay systems, thus supporting its development as a radioprotector for humans in multiple radiation exposure settings.

Highlights Behavioral adverse effects can limit use of levetiracetam, particularly in Veteran populations. Vitamin B6 supplementation has been suggested to reduce irritability. 22 Veterans were supplemented with vitamin B6 for levetiracetam-associated irritability. 20 (91%) of Veterans had data regarding irritability. 9 (45%) Veterans noted improvement in irritability with supplementation. 11 (55%) Veterans noted no improvement.

Background: Escalating doses of insulin required with progression of type 2 diabetes may lead to weight gain. Weight loss associated with semaglutide may be beneficial. However, data on the use of semaglutide in patients requiring high daily doses of insulin are currently lacking. Objective: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of semaglutide on total daily dose (TDD) of insulin when initiated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on high daily doses of insulin. Secondary objectives assessed included changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, and diabetes and blood pressure medications. Methods: This IRB exempt retrospective medical record review included patients with T2DM prescribed semaglutide and at least 100 units TDD of insulin between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. Results: Of the 72 patients included, the TDD of insulin decreased from baseline to 6 months (183 ± 98 units and 143 ± 99 units, P < 0.001). Average A1c and body weight also decreased from baseline to 6 months (8.9% ± 1.3% and 7.6% ± 1.5%, P < 0.001 and 123.9 ± 23.5 kg and 118.9 ± 22.9 kg, P < 0.001, respectively). Limitations included a homogenous patient population and inability to control confounding factors. Conclusion and Relevance: Improvement in glycemic control occurred despite reductions in TDD of insulin. Improvements in A1c and body weight were clinically significant. This analysis adds to existing literature supporting the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients on high daily doses of insulin.

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