Researchers suggest that people with an intellectual disability (ID) undertake less physical activity than the general population and many rely, to some extent, on others to help them to access activities. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model was previously found to significantly predict the intention of care staff to facilitate a healthy diet in those they supported. The present study examined whether the TPB was useful in predicting the intentions of 78 Scottish care staff to support people with ID to engage in physical activity. Regression analyses indicated that perceived behavioural control was the most significant predictor of both care staff intention to facilitate physical activity and reported physical activity levels of the people they supported. Attitudes significantly predicted care staff intention to support physical activity, but this intention was not itself significantly predictive of reported activity levels. Increasing carers' sense of control over their ability to support clients' physical activity may be more effective in increasing physical activity than changing their attitudes towards promoting activity.

Objective A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled trials was carried out to examine the effect of behavioural counselling on determinants of behaviour change in adults with chronic, painful musculoskeletal conditions. Methods Seven databases were searched up to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened title/abstracts and full texts. Eligible trials included those including participants over 18 years of age with a chronic, painful musculoskeletal condition, a measurement of at least one behavioural determinant and lifestyle behaviour, and where behavioural counselling was the distinguishing intervention. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analyses were conducted, using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) when at least two trials examined the same outcome. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results Fourteen unique trials, reported in 16 publications, were included. Low‐quality evidence showed that behavioural counselling has a small effect on increasing self‐reported physical activity (standardized mean difference 0.26; 95% CI 0.00, 0.53). Very‐low‐quality evidence showed that behavioural counselling has a moderate effect on self‐efficacy related to physical activity (standardized mean difference 0.69; 95% CI 0.19, 1.18). Low‐quality evidence suggested that behavioural counselling has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conclusions Behavioural counselling may help to increase self‐reported physical activity levels in adults with chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions. Self‐efficacy may be a behavioural determinant in an underlying causal pathway explaining positive lifestyle change.

The Ontario Child Health Scale (OCHS) was one of the first scales to seek to assess a broad range of formally defined psychiatric disorders using a checklist format. The performance of the teacher version of this instrument is reported in a UK population of children attending a special educational provision for emotionally and behaviourally disordered (EBD) pupils. Against DSM-IV criteria the instrument proved to have retained its convergent and discriminant validity, although it was somewhat less effective in detecting internalizing disorders and discriminating oppositional defiance from other behavioural disorders. Overall the results confirm the usefulness of this instrument as a screening tool in a UK population.