The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glyphosate and phosphate fertilizer application and their contribution to surface water runoff contamination. The study was performed in Aquic Argiudoll soil (Tezanos Pinto series). Four treatments were assessed on three dates of rainfall simulation after fertilizer and herbicide application. The soluble phosphorus in runoff water was determined by a colorimetric method. For the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a method based on fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) group derivatization, solid phase extraction (SPE) purification, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed. The application of phosphorus fertilizer resulted in an increased loss of glyphosate by runoff after 1 day of application. These results suggest the need for further study to understand the interactions and to determine appropriate application timing with the goal of reducing the pollution risk by runoff.

Mollisols are a fundamental component of global agricultural production. In the Argentine Pampas region, 65% of the Mollisols belong to Argiudoll great group. These soils have an agricultural aptitude, with limitations given mainly by varying thickness of the top horizon A as a result of the severity of water erosion depending on its site in the landscape layered on an argillic B horizon. Over the last three decades, Pampean agriculture has been widespread because of a modern technological matrix characterized by transgenic crops, and increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides. Large changes have taken place in crop sequence composition, toward the disappearance of pastures and the rapid expansion of soybean monoculture due to the upward trend of the international price of this commodity. This review contributes to an alertness regarding the significance of the soil degradation problem, in terms of decline in soil fertility and structural condition, decrease in size of soil aggregates, surface and subsurface compaction, decrease in organic carbon content, soil and water contamination, reduction of infiltration rate and structure stability, causing an increase in water losses through surface runoff and water erosion and lost ecosystem services. Additionally, a set of sustainable land management practices and legal aspects is shown.

Palabras clave: contaminación, herbicida, cuantificación, inmunoensayo RESUMENLos herbicidas constituyen fuentes potenciales de contaminación, siendo el agua uno de los componentes del ambiente más vulnerables. El glifosato (N-fosfonometil glicina) es el herbicida más utilizado a escala mundial. Actualmente, la información referida a su efecto sobre el agua resulta insuficiente, dado fundamentalmente por los altos costos de los análisis de laboratorio. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el empleo de la técnica de ELISA como una herramienta rápida para el monitoreo de la calidad de aguas y cuantificar la concentración de glifosato por medio de la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS. Cuando la técnica de ELISA determina valores positivos de glifosato, se requiere la cuantificación mediante la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS para determinar la concentración exacta de glifosato en dichas muestras. Los resultados sugieren que la técnica de ELISA es factible de ser implementada en programas de monitoreo de aguas, constituyendo un método exploratorio que permite detectar cualitativamente la presencia o ausencia de glifosato.Key words: contamination, glyphosate, quantification, immunoassay ABSTRACTHerbicides are potential sources of pollution; water being one of the most vulnerable components of the environment. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Currently, the information on its effect on water is insufficient, mainly because of the high costs of lab tests. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of the ELISA technique as a quick tool for monitoring water quality and to quantify the concentration of glyphosate through the technique of UHPLC-MS/MS. When ELISA positive values determined glyphosate, quantification Rev. Int. Contam.

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