Standardization activities are recognized as one of the tools to incubate research results and accelerate their transfer to innovative marketable products and services. However, the European Commission (EC) research community and its associated stakeholders acknowledge the lack of research transfer via the standardization channel, generally referred to as the research-tostandardization gap. This chapter analyzes the root causes for this gap and proposes way forward. In particular research-focused standardization is considered as the instrument to address this issue. This chapter shows that prestandardization should be supplemented by a methodology and its associated process aiming to systematically analyze the standardization aspects of research projects and by helping them out to draw their standardization strategy.

M2M (Machine-to-Machine) has come of age. It has been almost a decade since the idea of expanding the scope of entities connected to "the network" (wireless, wireline; private, public) beyond mere humans and their preferred communication gadgets has emerged around the notions of the "Internet of Things" (IoT), the "Internet of Objects" or M2M. The initial vision was that of a myriad of new devices, largely unnoticed by humans, working together to expand the footprint of end-user services. This will create new ways to care for safety or comfort, optimizing a variety of goods-delivery mechanisms, enabling efficient tracking of people or vehicles, and at the same time creating new systems and generating new value.As with every vision, it has taken time to materialize. Early efforts concentrated on refining the initial vision by testing new business models, developing point solutions to test feasibility, and also forecasting the impact of insufficient interoperability. Over the past few years, the realization that there are new viable sources of demand that can be met and monetized has created the push for a joint effort by industry to turn a patchwork of standalone elements and solutions into a coherent "system of systems", gradually turning the focus from the "what" to the "how" and developing the appropriate technologies and standards.This chapter introduces the M2M concept and proposes a definition from the multitude of definitions available today. It outlines the main characteristics of the emerging M2M business and presents a high-level view of the M2M framework that is further analyzed and dissected in subsequent chapters. Moreover, this chapter analyzes some of the main changes that have occurred recently and that have largely enabled the development of M2M, namely the emergence of regulation and standards as market shapers. The role of M2M Communications: A Systems Approach, First Edition. Edited by David Boswarthick, Omar Elloumi and Olivier Hersent.

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Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become central to the life of all citizens in the European Union. A vast range of powerful devices (e.g., mobile phones, smart phones) and services (e.g., media services, societal services) are proposed in order to foster exchanges, provide access to a wealth of information and improve the quality of life. However, the expected benefits – in particular those of societal relevance - materialize only when the features proposed by the devices and services may be easily understood and used by all users, including those with learning and cognitive disabilities. When users are not familiar with a new functionality and its technical background, they may be confused by an obscure and not harmonized terminology. As a result, they may be reluctant to use ICT devices and services and miss their potential benefits. The Design-for-All approach presented is addressing the provision of a harmonized terminology suggesting terms to denote more than 500 basic and commonly used ICT features in 19 European languages. The Technical Committee Human Factors (TC HF) of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) has undertaken this work, to develop a freely available ETSI document (ETSI Guide EG 203 499, an update to be published in the first half of 2022). This paper outlines the benefits of the proposed ETSI Guide and provides examples of the resulting terminologies together with the methodology used for developing them.

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