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During the prime of the 20th century, an infection similar to smallpox arose in humans called monkeypox (MPX). MPX is a zoonotic orthopoxviral infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus and family Poxvirdiae. MPXV are ovoid or brick-shaped with sizes ranging from 200 to 250 nm and enclosed by folded lipoprotein outer membrane. 1 MPXV contains a linear double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of size 197 kb which is covalently joined by palindromic hairpins and inverted terminal repeats at its ends. 2 MPXV appears in two distinct clades, the Central Africa clade and the West African clade with the Central Africa clade being more virulent, and transmissible. 3 The diagnostic and confirmation techniques of MPXV include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tissue culture, and electron microscopy which depends on test availability. 4As of 12th September 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a total of 57,016 MPX cases in 103 countries (Figure 1A) with 111 deaths 5-7 (Figure 1B). Among these countries, 96 were nonendemic while seven were endemic countries (i.e., Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroun, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of the Congo) 6 (Figure 1C). A recent phylogenetic analysis of MPXV showed that the 2022 MPXV lineage B.1 shares a similar evolutionary branch as the A.1 lineage from Nigeria which caused the 2017-2018 MPX endemic outbreaks in the United Kingdom, Israel, and Singapore. 8 MPX case was first recorded in 1970 from a 9-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of Congo with subsequent reports in Benin,

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