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Plantains are important staples in sub-Saharan Africa, however, production has been saddled by several constraints including pests and diseases and lack of improved technologies. In regard to genetic study, morphological characterization has identified about 100 local accessions to exist in Ghana. However, limited molecular characterization has been done on plantains. Characterization based on morphologic characteristics alone may be limited since expression of quantitative traits is subjective to strong environmental influence. Alternatively, molecular characterization techniques are capable of identifying polymorphism represented by differences in DNA sequences. The objective of this research was therefore to characterize local accessions of plantain using morphological and molecular techniques. This study sampled 38 local accessions from two regions in Ghana for characterization, taking into account all known morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was isolated for molecular characterization using 18 SSR markers and 10 random primers. The SSR markers revealed 52 alleles, random primers revealed 67 alleles and the 29 morphological traits (loci) had 79 attributes (alleles). Similarity matrices of SSR markers revealed that 26.5% of the plantain accessions were duplicates; however, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) system and morphological marker systems did not reveal any duplication among genotypes. Dendrogram generated on bases of both SSR and RAPDs indicated that a French plantain accession (Apem 01) and a False Horn accession (Apantu 26) were the most distantly related collections. None of the molecular marker methods used clearly clustered various phenotypically known collections into their respective distinct groups, although to some extent, this was demonstrated by morphological data set.

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Based on a 2012 Ghanaian social accounting matrix, it was determined how different leisure levels and labour endowments affect household welfare and sectoral output. The findings of the leisure experiments point to a pattern in which the wellbeing of wealthiest households are negatively impacted. On the other hand, all other households see an increase in their welfare with rural farmer head savannah (hh01) always seeing the highest each time. Clearly there are redistribution impacts of leisure labour choice through income and substitution effects. When leisure is reduced in an effort to increase productivity, these rich households see a decrease in their consumption levels and the relatively poorer households see an increase in their welfare. So the question then is how can policy makers make such rich households contribute more to national development through income distributional effects by enhancement in their efficiency. Similar effects are noted when endowments change. Outputs in sectors increases. Some household save, spend more on health and education whiles others spend more consumption, specially on imported goods. The income gap between affluent and poor households is reduced when leisure is reduced (productivity is increased), but the income gap is increased when endowments are increased. The question is, “How might policymakers encourage measures that will boost economic happiness and satisfaction for both wealthy and disadvantaged households?” Rawalsian versus Benthamite notions of utility should be considered while setting policy options to achieve the aim of the MDGs.