To compare the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Turkish women with normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In between March 2002 and November 2005, the study was designed as case-control study. Cytologic abnormalities in Pap smears were classified according to the Bethesda System (2001). Identification of the presence of HPV was carried out by the Hybrid Capture II test for all patients. To compare the groups, Chi-square test was used. A total of 1353 reproductive aged women were screened. Of them, 1344 (99.3%) had normal or class I Pap smear. Remaining nine cases (0.7%) had CIN at several degrees (five CIN I, three CIN II, and one carcinoma in situ). While all these nine cases with cervical pathologies had HPV, only 20 cases from the other group (1.5%) had HPV (chi(2) 466.1; P = 0.0001). This is the first study of the evaluation of the association between HPV and preinvasive cervical lesions in Turkish population. In spite of low general frequency (2.1%) of cervical HPV colonization in this population, a strong correlation was found between HPV and CIN.

Introduction: Intraabdominal adhesions that develop because of prior abdominal or pelvic surgery may cause problems during surgery. Complications can include difficult intraabdominal entry; injury to the urinary bladder, uterus or small intestine; longer operation times, and increased blood loss. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association between abdominal striae gravidarum and intraabdominal adhesions in the preoperative period in pregnant women with a history of cesarean section. Materials and Methods: The study included 247 pregnant women at ??37 weeks of gestation admitted to the labor unit for delivery; all had undergone at least one previous cesarean section. Abdominal striae were assessed preoperatively using the Davey scoring system; the severity and intensity of adhesions were subsequently evaluated intraoperatively according to the modified Nair scoring system. Results: No striae were seen in 104 pregnant women; 41 had mild striae and 102 had severe striae. Overall, 113 cases had no adhesions (grade 0), 106 had grade 1?2 adhesions, and 28 had grade 3?4 adhesions. Among patients with grade 0 adhesions, 34 (13.7?%) had no striae, while 79 (31.9?%) had mild-to-severe striae (p?

Objective:To investigate the effect of anemia on perinatal outcomes as preterm delivery (PTD) and low birth weight (LBW) in the different stages of pregnancy.Methods:Medical records of 39,587 Turkish pregnant women who delivered between January 2011 and September 2014 were reviewed. Anemia during pregnancy was defined as hemoglobin (Hb)< 11 g/dl, low birth weight was defined as birth weight <2500 gr and PTD was defined as <37 weeks. The pregnant women were divided into three groups (Hb<10 gr/dl, Hb 10-11 gr/dl, Hb>11 gr/dl). Perinatal outcomes were compared between these anemic and non-anemic groups.Results:The anemia prevalence in our study was 25.1%. In the first and second trimester of Hb<10g/dl group LBW ratio was significantly higher (respectively 13.5%, 9.8%, p=0.03; 22.7%, 14.7%, p=0.01). In the second and third trimesters of Hb<10 g/dl group PTD ratio was significantly higher (respectively 29.1%, 19%, p=0.00; 17.7%, 15.4% p=0.02). In the first trimester Hb<10 g/dl group cesarean section rate was significantly higher (respectively 65.2%, 57.6%, p = 0.01).Conclusions:LBW infants and preterm birth rate was higher in Hb <10 gr/dl group than non-anemic in the first, second and third trimester. Hb <10 gr/dl group had higher cesarean rate in first trimester. The mean birth weight was significantly lower in anemic pregnant women in the second trimester. Preterm birth and cesarean section rate, in the group of anemic throughout pregnancy was higher than those of non-anemic in the whole pregnancy period.

Objective:To compare the obstetric outcomes of cesarean section in women who had a history of four or more previous cesarean sections with those who had a history of two or three previous cesarean sections.Methods:Total 1318 women who underwent repeat cesarean section between January 2013 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 244 (18.5%) had previously had four or more cesarean sections (multiple repeat cesarean section group) and 1074 (81.5%) had previously had two or three cesarean sections (control group). Demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes were compared using the Independent t and chi-square tests.Results:The adhesion rate (p < 0.001), number of blood transfusion (p = 0.044), operation time (p = 0.012), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and tubal ligation surgery (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in multiple repeat cesarean section group compared to control group.Conclusion:Although multiple repeat cesarean section are asscociated with adhesion occurrence, higher number of blood transfusion, increased operation time and length of hospital stay, there is no remarkable difference in serious morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean section.

Letrozole and cabergoline were equally effective to prevent OHSS, reducing the ovarian diameter, VP, and PEDF and VEGF levels to similar extents.