Most of the literature devoted to utilization of maternal health care generally provides information on the level of maternal care used and ignore the equity problem. Research in this area should focus not only on the level of maternal care used but also on the most disadvantaged segments of the population in terms of utilization of maternal care in order to reach the set targets.

The well-known health-led growth hypothesis claims a positive correlation between health expenditure and economic growth. The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the health-led growth hypothesis for the Turkish economy. The bound test approach, autoregressive-distributed lag approach (ARDL) and Kalman filter modeling are employed for the 1975-2013 period to examine the co-integration relationship between economic growth and health expenditure. The ARDL model is employed in order to investigate the long-term and short-term static relationship between health expenditure and economic growth. The results show that a 1 % increase in per-capita health expenditure will lead to a 0.434 % increase in per-capita gross domestic product. These findings are also supported by the Kalman filter model's results. Our findings show that the health-led growth hypothesis is supported for Turkey.

In this study, the efficiency analysis of Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH) hospitals' inpatient care services is done by using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method. In the analysis, cross-sectional data on 459 acutecare hospitals in 2013 were used and the sample was consisted of only MoH general and teaching hospitals. A cross sectional version of SFA inefficiency efeects model speciiccation is used to estimate the inpatient care service production efficiency. The results of this paper suggest that, the technical inefficiency of inpatient care services of MoH hospitals is closely related with the hospital size. As the hospital capacity decreases or/and the role group of the hospital lowers down, the hospital efficiency scores reduces signiiccantly. The other important icnding of this paper is that the efficiency scores are inversely related with the socioeconomic development level of the region or province where the hospital is located. The mean efficiency scores decreases in the western part of the Turkey which has the regions that are socioeconomically more developed and more populated compared to the others.

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There are two principal questions were addressed in this study: (a) Does an entrepreneurial intensity (i.e. degree and frequency of entrepreneurial actions inside an organization) contribute to an individual's level of job stress? (b) Does role ambiguity mediate the effect of entrepreneurial intensity on an individual's level of job stress? The data for the study have been taken from the top 1.000 industrial organizations of Turkey as of 2015, a typical example of an emerging economy. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial intensity (both degree and frequency of entrepreneurship) consistently contributes to lower role ambiguity and an individual's level of job stress. It also demonstrates that role ambiguity positively affects an individual's level of job stress and partially mediates the relationship between the frequency of entrepreneurship and his/her level of job stress. Based on the results, some managerial implications for practice and useful suggestions for future research are set forth