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Purpose The purpose of this study was to bring a new structural hybrid design approach to improve the mechanical and biological properties of the bone scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, selective laser melting (SLM). Design/methodology/approach In designing the hybrid scaffolds, different unit cells were used such as dodecahedron (DCH), grid (G), octet-truss (OCT) with partially dense (PDsl) and fully dense (FDsl) surface layers. After fabrication of scaffolds on SLM machine, compression test and cell viability test were applied to observe the effect of hybrid design on mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds. Findings It has been observed that designing the scaffold with partially dense or FDsl surfaces did not have a critical effect on the cell viability. On the contrary, the compression strength of scaffold increased from 56  to 100 MPa when the surface layer of the scaffold was designed as FDsl surface instead of partially dense surface. It has also been observed that the scaffold having the highest hybridity (PDsl+G+DCH+OCT) delivered the highest cell viability performance and had a compressive strength slightly higher than that of the scaffolds with single unit cell, PDsl+OCT. Originality/value This study brings a new approach to designing femur bone scaffold for fabricating with SLM. This hybrid design approach, including different unit cells in a single scaffold, covers many requirements of femur bone in terms of mechanical and biological properties.

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