Background and Aim: Neonates of diabetic mothers are more prone to congenital heart diseases than others. These abnormalities are the leading cause of fetal death in diabetic neonates. Therefore, the determination of a screening method and evaluation of its value seems necessary in such neonates. The present study investigated the various types of congenital heart diseases in neonates of diabetic mothers. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of congenital heart malformations on 200 neonates of diabetic mothers who had referred to the teaching hospitals of Qom, Iran. The designed checklists included the maternal age, gestational age, gender of the infant, occupation of the mother, family history, maternal diabetes, Apgar, respiratory distress, cyanosis, and echocardiographic results. Results: Based on the findings, echocardiographic results of 82 neonates of diabetic mothers were abnormal. Moreover, it was concluded that the infant weight abnormality, reception of oral medications, overt diabetes, and the decrease of fasting blood glucose had a significant relationship with heart diseases in infants of diabetic mothers. Moreover, the study found that echocardiographic results were abnormal in 49% of neonates of diabetic mothers. Furthermore, 3%, 1.5%, 69.5%, 41%, 0%, and 3.5% of the participants had VSD, ASD, PFO, PDA, MR, and TR. Conclusion:Based on the results, it was concluded that 9 out of each 10 diabetic neonates have congenital heart anomalies, with PFO being the most common one of them.

Background and Aim: Venous Thrombo Embolism (VTE) refers to the formation of clots in blood vessels. The current study aimed to investigate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: In this review study, national databases, including Magiran, SID, IranMedex, as well as international ones, namely databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, and ISI, were searched for related books and articles. The keywords included thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, imaging, and thrombosis detection. Results: In patients with suspected primary or recurrent deep vein thrombosis, CT venography (CTV) and Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) are rarely used on suspicion of iliac vein thrombosis or inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis in ultrasound. These examinations have relatively poor reliability, cause adverse side effects of radiation and contrast materials, and are undoubtedly more costly. Conclusion:As evidenced by the obtained results, different methods are available for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Moreover, it was revealed that ultrasound imaging is the most reasonable method for initial examination due to its sensitivity, specificity, costs, and adverse effects.

Objective: To evaluate the level of inflammatory factors of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and reactive protein C in benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, patients who were referred because of an enlarged thyroid gland were selected, patients who had undergone surgery for the thyroid nodule were included in the study. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and reactive protein C were measured before surgery in patients who were candidates for thyroid surgery. The histopathological records of patients were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant cases had a cytological evaluation of thyroid nodules by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The mean of ESR / CRP in both groups was compared using an independent t-test (p>0.05). Results: In malignant tumor type, in all patients, with Pill (PTC), analyzes in the malignant group showed a significant difference between the mean ESR / CRP in both groups with and without thyroid history. Sub-analyzes in the malignant group were significantly different between the mean ESR / CRP in both groups with and without thyroid histories (p=0.009) (40.16 ± 28.81). The association between ESR and CRP, ESR / CRP and tumor size, ESR / CRP and age in each group as well as in the whole patients were evaluated using Pearson correlation test, which showed a positive association between ESR age and ESR (p=0.024, r=0.375). In the malignant group, a negative correlation was found between the age and the CRP rate (p=0.027, r=-0.441), and in the total patients between the age and the rate (ES=0.043, r=-0.256). Conclusion: Factors such as ESR and CRP, which are considered acute phase reactors and their levels increase in acute inflammatory conditions, may not have a significant increase in chronic inflammatory conditions and malignancies.

Background and Aim: The Coronavirus causes severe contamination and disease by targeting cell antigens. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of ABO blood groups in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 343 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Ali Ibn Abi Taleb in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in the first half of 2020 were selected upon their availability. The study included a demographic checklist, blood group, pulmonary involvement by high-resolution CT scan, and severity of the disease based on clinical symptoms. Chisquare tests and logistic regression were used to analyze data with a 0.05 significant level. Results: Of 343 patients studied, 108 patients (31.5%) had blood group B, 102 patients (29.7%) blood group O, 98 patients (28.6%) blood group A, and 35 patients (10.2%) had blood group AB. Regression analysis showed that disease severity in patients with blood group O was 31.9% compared to patients with blood group A. Also, in comparison to blood group A, the pulmonary involvement in patients with blood group B was 16%, blood group AB was 20.6% more, and blood group O was 39.8% less. Conclusion: The non-significant odds of COVID-19 severity were lower in blood group B and higher in blood group O in comparison to blood group A. Also, the severity of pulmonary involvement was lower in blood group O and higher in blood group AB in comparison to blood group A.

Background and Aim: Gestational hypertension is one of the most important disorders during pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational hypertension on neonatal hemoglobin in the selected hospitals in Qom in 2017. Materials and Methods: The cohort retrospective study was conducted on 100 women who had referred to selected hospitals in Qom. They were divided into two groups so that women with gestational hypertension were allocated to the case group (n=50) while normotensive women were allocated to the control group (n=50) group. Finally, the hemoglobin levels of neonates in the two groups were compared. Results: The mean level of hemoglobin in neonates born to mothers with gestational hypertension (17.3 gr/dl) was significantly higher than the control group (14.65 gr/dl), which remained significant after regrouping the mothers based on their demographic and gestational characteristics. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of gestational hypertension and its dangerous side effects in infants, it is necessary to pay attention to screening programs and laboratory tests of pregnant mothers to prevent an unusual increase in hemoglobin levels of infants and reduce pregnancy complications.