Moringa oleifera is one of the herbs that nutritious and rich in bioactive compounds. Moringa leaves powder (MLP) is the potential to be applied to processed meat products such as meatball. This study was aimed to evaluate the nutrition content, physical properties, and antioxidant activity of beef meatball added with MLP. There were four levels of treatment employed in the study: Control, which without any addition of MLP; MLP 0.5%, MLP 1%, and MLP 1.5% were meatball added with 0.5, 1, and 1.5% MLP, respectively. All ingredients were well blended to be the dough and boiled at 80°C for 20 min. The results showed that there was no significant difference among treatments for WHC and pH value of meatballs. However, the addition of MLP decreased the cooking loss and enhanced the antioxidant activity of the meatballs. The addition 1.5% declined the lightness, 1% lowered the redness and yellowness value of meatball color. The nutrition content of the meatball was no significant for moisture content, ash, crude protein, and crude fat but increased significantly for crude fibre. It could be concluded that the addition of MLP could improve the antioxidant activity without any changes in WHC, pH value, but by changing the cooking loss and color parameters of the meatballs.

Whey dangke fermentation producing lactic acid as a food additive can overcome environmental pollution caused by whey dangke; however, its high water content causes a short shelflife product and makes distribution difficult. Drying fermented products requires additional ingredients to overcome stickiness issue in the dryer. This research aimed to examine the use of carrageenan as drying aids at 4, 6, 8, and 10% levels and drying time of 23, 24, and 25 hours in the production of fermented whey powder in drying oven. The quality parameters of the fermented whey dangke powder included yield, water content, solubility, and protein and lactose contents. The results showed that the fermented whey dangke powder had a yield of 33.15-49.20%; water content of 2.30-9.07%; solubility of 94.0-99.0%; protein content of 9,70-13,92%; and lactose content of 7.92-15.58%. Carrageenan level has a very significant effect (P<0.01) on yield, water content, and lactose content, and it also has a significant effect (P<0.05) on protein content, while drying time has a significant effect (P<0.05) on lactose content. The use of carrageenan at 8% level and 24-hour drying time is the most optimal treatment to produce the best physicochemical characteristics of fermented whey dangke powder.

The food production process uses a lot of synthetic dyes. Processing of salted quail eggs using natural dyes is still limited. Secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a natural coloring agent and its use is still limited. This study aimed to explain the effect of adding secang wood to the sensory characteristics of salted quail eggs. This study used a 3 x 3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Factor A was the level of addition of secang wood powder: 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. Factor B curing time was 3 days, 6 days and 9 days. The parameters measured were sensory characteristics: color, scent of egg, taste and texture of salted quail eggs. The results showed that the level of addition of secang wood powder and different curing time had no significant effect (P>0.05) on color. Thus, the level of addition of secang wood did not show a significant effect on the scent of egg, taste and texture of salted quail eggs. However, the duration of curing showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the scent of egg, taste and texture of the resulting salted quail eggs. The addition of 20% secang wood powder and curing 6 days improved the sensory characteristics of salted quail eggs.

The Pindang eggs, a boiled eggs using certain tanners, have a distinctive characteristic i.e., taste, aroma, and texture and more durable than ordinary processed eggs. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the addition of different tanners and storage time on the color and flavor characteristic of Pindang chicken eggs. the experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design with factorial pattern of 3×4. The First factor was the type of tanners material (guava leaves, teak leaves and combination of guava and teak leaves). The second factor was duration of storage (0, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively). Color and flavor properties of pindang eggs were analysed descriptively based on the panelist perception of color or flavor scale used during the experiment. The study revealed that the type of tanner and storage time significantly changed the egg white color. While storage duration did not affect the egg flavor, the tannin source materials had a significant effect on the egg flavor. The pindang eggs that processed in the combination of guava and teak leaves as tannin sources had the best score of color and flavor if stored for 7 days.