BACKGROUND: Staple foods as a source of carbohydrates contribute most of human energy needs. Based on Perkeni’s recommendation, diabetic patients can consume at least 45–60% of carbohydrate sources. In addition, several previous studies have shown that increasing the adequacy of dietary fiber above 20–25 g/day can improve glycemic control. AIM: Our scoping review investigated the potential of Indonesian food sources, namely, sorghum and corn as a source of carbohydrates and also fiber as a substitute rice for diabetic patients. METHODS: We systematically used electronic databases searched such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Portal Garuda, Sinta Ristekbrin, and Google Scholar. We choose the relevant documents used experimental animals and humans’ studies then published between 2011 and 2021. RESULTS: In total, 17 relevant articles discuss the relationship between giving corn or sorghum with blood glucose levels of animal studies and human. Some studies showed that the effect of eating sorghum or its derivatives can reduce blood glucose. As well as, the other articles indicated eating corn or its derivatives also decrease glycemic response of healthy people and experimental animals. Corn and sorghum contain dietary fiber in the form of resistant starch and have low glycemic index compare with white rice. Furthermore, corn also contains essential fat, mineral, β-Carotene, and isoflavone, while sorghum also includes phenolic components such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS: Sorghum and corn have the potential as an alternative staple food to achieve a better glycemic response in diabetic patients.
Pola makan tidak seimbang merupakan salah satu pemicu terjadinya abnormalitas profil lipid, yang merupakan prediktor dari Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan dan frekuensi konsumsi serat, vitamin B3, PUFA dengan profil lipid danpenyakit jantung koroner. Metode penelitian adalah studi literatur dari jurnal penelitian yang diterbitkantahun 2016 hingga tahun 2020. Pencarian jurnal penelitianmenggunakan mesin pencari google di database E-Resources Perpustakaan Nasional RI, PubMed, PLoS, Researchgate, Google Scholar, dan Garuda Ristekbrin. Data dianalisis secara mendalam untuk menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan hasil penelitian. Enam dari 11 penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan serat, vitamin B3, dan PUFA sesuairekomendasi dengan penurunan risiko abnormalitas kadarlipid dan Penyakit Jantung Koroner (p-value<0,005). Dapat disimpulkan jika asupandan frekuensikonsumsi serat, vitamin B3, dan PUFA berhubungan secara signifikandengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner dan profil lipid darah.
Gastritis merupakan gangguan kesehatan terkait proses pencernaan terutama lambung. Salah satu faktor pemicu gastritis adalah konsumsi tinggi lemak hewani dalam menu harian. Jenis makanan yang beresiko untuk penderita gastritis yang dikonsumsi seperti makanan yang pedas secara berlebihan akan merangsang sistem percernaan, makanan mengandung pedas, gas maupun banyak bumbu dan rempah. Konsumsi makanan dan minuman yang memicu tingginya sekresi asam lambung adalah penyebab penting terjadinya gastritis. Selain konsumsi lemak hewani, konsumsi makanan pedas, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi minuman tinggi kafein seperti kopi juga dapat memicu terjadinya gastristis. Gastritis sering terjadi pada pelajar atau mahasiswa karena tidak memperhatikan pola makan akibat banyaknya kegiatan di kelas.
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