Black rice is a local rice variety with some advantages and weaknesses. The desirable character of black rice is its high anthocyanin content, while the weaknesses are late maturing, tall plant stature and low grain yield. Crosses were made between two parents aimed to recombine the superior traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection would be determined by the magnitude of the heritability of traits and the selection progress. This study was aimed to determine the heritability estimates in a broad sense and the genetic advance of agronomic characters of F2 generation, from crosses of local black rice and high yielding variety of white rice. The experiment was conducted in Padasan, Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta from January to May 2013. The F2 population derived from crosses of black rice x white rice, with the morphological traits of hairless black rice (S) crossed with Situbagendit (G) white rice, Cempo ireng (C) with Situbagendit (G) and Cempo ireng (C) with Inpari 6 (I). The F2 plants population were planted without replication. Genetic parameters estimated were calculated for broad sense heritability and genetic advance from selection. Results showed that the F2 population had high broad sense heritability estimates for all characters observed, including: plant height, flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, maturity and rice color, in the three F2 populations obtained from crosses of S x G, C x G and C x I. Only the plant height of S x G cross had a medium broad sense heritability estimate. The large heritability estimates indicated that the respective character was controlled by genetic factor more than environmental ones. High genetic advance would be obtained in the flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle, number of empty grains/panicle and rice color from S x G, C x G and C x I crosses. Genetic advance of plant height was medium (at S x G and C x I crosses) to high (C x G crosses). The maturity trait had low genetic advance on cross S x G; C x G; and Cx I. The high value of genetic advance of character would suggest that selection on the character’s appearance would be successful.

Black rice has a high anthocyanin content in the pericarp layer, which provides a dark purple color. Anthocyanin serve as an antioxidant that control cholesterol level in the blood, prevent anemia, potentially improve the body's resistance to disease, improve damage to liver cells (hepatitis and chirrosis), prevent impaired kidney function, prevent cancer/tumors, slows down antiaging, and prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Exploration results at AIAT Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 2011 to 2014 obtained 18 cultivar of local black rice Indonesia. The names of the rice are related to the color (black, red or purple) formed by anthocyanin deposits in the pericarp layer, seed coat or aleuron. The objective of the study was to classify several types of local black rice from explorations based on the total anthocyanin content. The study was conducted by clustering analyzing the total anthocyanin content of 18 local black rice cultivars in Indonesia. Cluster analysis of total anthocyanin content were done using SAS ver. 9.2. Clustering dendogram shows that there were 4 groups of black rice cultivars based on the total anthocyanin content. Group I consists of Melik black rice, Patalan black rice, Yunianto black rice, Muharjo black rice, Ngatijo black rice, short life of Tugiyo black rice, Andel hitam 1, Jlitheng, and Sragen black rice. Group II consists of Pari ireng, Magelang black hairy rice, Banjarnegara-Wonosobo black rice, and Banjarnegara black rice. Group III consists of NTT black rice, Magelang non hairy black rice, Sembada hitam, and longevity Tugiyo black rice. Group IV consist only one type of black rice namely Cempo ireng. The grouping result indicate the existence of duplicate names among the black rice namely Patalan with Yunianto black rice, and short life Tugiyo with Andel hitam 1 black rice.

<p>There are several types of local black rice with different quality which well known in Yogyakarta. However, the altitude location affect to the quality and pigmentation of local black rice remains were unknown. The objectives of this research was to determine the variation of rice pigmentation and total anthocyanin content of Yogyakarta local black rice which planted on two different<br />altitudes location. This study was conducted from February to December 2015 with the experimental design using factorial experiment. The first factor is seven local black rice varieties from Yogyakarta (G) and second factor is two different altitude locations: lowlands (26 m asl) of Gulon, Sri Hardono, Pundong, Bantul (A1), and in medium lands (462 m asl) of Padasan, Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sleman (A2). The total anthocyanin content and rice pigmentation were observed. Three color variables for rice pigmentation, i.e. lightness (L*), greenness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were measured by Chroma Meter, Konica Minolta– Minolta CM-2006. The results showed that there was diversity on pigmentation and total anthocyanin content in the black rice grown at different altitude. Local variety Tugiyo Umur Panjang has any anthocyanin highest in the low altitude location (Bantul), while local variety Sembada Hitam was showed the highest anthocyanin at the height of the medium (Sleman). A positive<br />significant correlation was found among color variables, i.e. lightness (L*), greenness (a*), and yellowness (b*) and there was a negative significant correlation between total anthocyanin content and L*, a*, and b* color variables.</p>

Pestisida  sintetis  hingga  saat ini masih  menjadi  andalan  dalam  meminimalkan kehilangan hasil  akibat  serangan organisme pengganggu tanarnan (OPT).   Meskipun dampak negatif dari penggunaan pestisida sintetis banyak ditimbulkan, namun petani  masih  sangat membutuhkannya. Oleh karena itu media media diperlukan alternatif lain, yaitu penggunaan pestisida  yang ramah lingkungan agar aman bagi manusia  dan lingkungan, salah satunya adalah  dengan  menggunakan pestisida  nabati  yang bahan dasarnya  berasal  dari tumbuhan. Di Indonesia penggunaan   pestisida nabati  mempunyai  prospek yang baik, selain menghemat devisa  juga  mendukung   agribisnis  dan kelestarian lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemasyarakatan  penggunaan pestisida nabati perlu dilakukan.

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