Around the world, the most common prostate disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which constricts and tapers the urethral canal and it may cause partial or total obstruction of the urethra. Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common type of cancer in men worldwide and it is related to the fifth leading cause of death. Concerning that BPH and CaP diagnoses are important in men's health; which have high incidence and prevalence; and taking into accound that the literature on the epidemiological data of these diseases in the southwestern region of Goiás is scarce, this survey aimed to study all reports of prostate biopsies issued in the last 20 years in a city in the region, to feature their frequency and relate to the age of the men affected. Regarding this study, it was possible to detect that more than half of all reports issued during the twenty years were of BPH and CaP, representing 54.5% (n= 756), of which more than 50% were of BPH. The average age of individuals diagnosed with CaP was slightly higher than that of BPH, respectively 70.9 and 68.2 years. Therefore, with a changing demographic profile and an increasing aging population in almost all societies, it is inevitable that BPH and CaP will become even more prevalent and a major challenge for all health systems, and it is deeply important to expand investments in health actions focusing on educational and preventive measures for the male population.