RESUMEN: Bourbaki nos enseñó el potencial que guarda el concepto de estructura matemática para reorganizar, sistematizar y unificar el entramado matemático. Pero la evolución de la matemática, en las últimas décadas deja patente las limitaciones de este enfoque. En este artículo analizamos las contribuciones de Bourbaki a lo que denominamos fundamentación 'interna' de la matemática y señalamos, a su vez, las que a nuestro juicio son sus principales carencias. A continuación bosquejamos brevemente algunas evidencias sobre las que sustentamos la perspectiva denominada funcionalismo estructuralista. Según ésta, la noción general de morfismo caracteriza la naturaleza dinámica de la matemática actual.Palabras clave: Bourbaki, estructuralismo, fundamentos internos de la matemática, funcionalismo estructuralista.ABSTRACT: Bourbaki showed us the potential inherent within the concept of mathematical structure for re-organizing, systematically arranging and unifying the mathematical framework. But mathematics' development in recent decades has flagged up the limitations of this approach. In this article we analyse Bourbaki's contributions to what we term the "internal" foundations of mathematics, and at the same time we indicate where, in our view, they fall short. We go on to outline some of the evidence on which we base the viewpoint termed structural functionalism. According to the latter, the general notion of morphism characterizes the dynamic nature of present-day mathematics.
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