Tartamkísérletben, csernozjom talajon, a Hajdúságban vizsgáltuk, hogy adott tőszám (60 ezer/ha) esetén a különböző tápanyagszintek hatására, valamint, hogy adott trágya szint mellett (N 120 P 90 K 90 ) a különböző tőszámok hatására hogyan változik a kukori ca növények magassága, az üszögfertőzés, a csőfuzárium-fertőzés, a szárdőlés, va lamint a Push-teszt értéke és a termés nagysága. Vizsgálataink a 2010. év adatait tartalmazzák. Vetésváltás esetén három modell került beállításra (mono-, bi-[búza, kukorica], trikultúra [borsó, búza, kukorica]). A ke zelésekben öt tápanyagszintet (kontroll [kezeletlen], N 60 P 45 K 45 , N 120 P 90 K 90 , N 180 P 135 K 135 , N 240 P 180 K 180 ) és három állománysűrűségi értéket alkalmaztunk (40 ezer/ha, 60 ezer/ha, 80 ezer/ha). A növekvő trágyaadagok hatására N 240 +PK tápanyagszintig szignifikánsan nőtt a nö vénymagasság, N 240 P 180 K 180 tápanyagszinten vetésváltástól függően 247,0-286,4 cm közötti értékeket mértünk. A különböző tápanyagszintek befolyásolták az üszög-és a csőfuzárium-fertőzés, a szárdőlés és a Push-teszt nagyságát. A legnagyobb értékeket mind három vetésváltási modellnél a N 240 +PK trágyaszinten kaptuk. A vetésváltás módo sította az optimális trágyaadagot. Monokultúrás termesztés esetén a legnagyobb termést a N 240 +PK trágyaszintnél (8726 kg/ha), bikultúrában a N 180 +PK tápanyagszintnél (9371 kg/ha), míg a vetésváltás kedvező hatása következményeként trikultúrában a N 120 +PK trágyaszintnél értük el (9424 kg/ha). A három vetésváltási rendszerben adott trágyaszint mellett (N 120 P 90 K 90 ) a nö vényszám növelésének hatására szignifikánsan nem változtak az agronómiai és növényegészségügyi paraméterek. A tőszám növelésének hatására emelkedett a termés. A o you by Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences MTA |

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This research focused on the effects of previous crop, fertilization and irrigation on the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of maize and the amount of yield in three different crop years. We were also looking for the relations between these parameters. As an average of the three years, the year, the crop rotation, the irrigation and the fertilization had a 3.5%, 29.8%, 21.5% and 45.2% share in the yield, respectively. The maximum SPAD-values were measured at tasseling and silking periods depending upon the year. In all three crop rotation models, significant differences were found between the control and the fertilization levels of N120-180+PK. As a result of irrigation, an increasing trend can be observed in the SPAD. The maximum LAI were measured at the 12-leaf or tassel depending on the period of the year. The dynamics and maximum value of the LAI were significantly determined by fertilization. Crop rotation had a strong effect, though it varied with the year. There were no significant differences in leaf area between the irrigated and the non-irrigated treatments. The fertilization had the strongest impact (r = 0.533-0.723) on yield among the agrotechnical elements. The correlation between the crop rotation and the yield was significant but weak (r = 0.336-0.423), while irrigation had a loose, non-significant correlation with yield in 2011 and 2012. In 2013, irrigation had a greater influence on the yield than in 2011 and 2012 (r = 0.497).

We studied the effects of crop rotation, fertilization and crop protection technologies on occurence of the major ear- and leaf-diseases (powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis, leaf rust, Fusarium wilt) and the degree of lodging in the winter wheat variety Mv Pálma in two very different years (2006/2007=dry; 2009/2010=rainy). The experiments were carried out at the Látókép Experimental Farm of the University of Debrecen CAAES in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at five fertilization levels by applying three different crop protection technologies (extensive, average, intensive).In the cropyear of 2006/2007, the disease severity of leaf diseases was higher than the average in both crop rotations in spite of the fact that the weather during the whole vegetation period was dry. Infection by powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis and leaf rust increased with increasing fertilization, the highest infection was measured at the highest fertilization level (N200+PK) in the extensive crop protection technology. According to the results, no infection of ears by Fusarium and no lodging occurred in either bi- or triculture due to the dry year. The extremely rainy weather in 2009/2010 was favourable not only for the vegetative development of the stand, but also increased the occurance of leaf-, stalk- and ear-diseases and a high degree of lodging was observed. The highest infection by powdery mildew was observed in the plots with the highest fertilizer dosage under an extensive crop protection technology. A much higher helminthosporiosis infection was measured than in the cropyear of 2006/2007. The wet weather and higher than average temperature promoted the occurence and spreading of leaf rust. Under an extensive crop protection technology, a leaf rust infection of 24% and 31% was detected after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively, in the N200+PK treatment. As opposed to 2006/2007, the disease severity of Fusarium was 3–8% and 2–7% in the control after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively. This value, similarly to that of other pathogens, increased with increasing fertilization levels. Due to the large vegetative mass, a significant lodging was observed in the wheat stands in both bi- and triculture (17–100%, 12–100%).

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system