ÖZETToprak oluĢum süreçlerine ve arazi kullanımına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan toprak özellikleri topraklarda mikro element yarayıĢlılığı üzerine etki etmektedir. Bu çalıĢmada Isparta-Atabey ovasındaki 21 toprak serisinden alınan 70 toprak örneği incelenen 24 parametre ile toprakların yarayıĢlı mikro element konsantrasyonları arasındaki iliĢkiler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson korelasyonu ve temel bileĢen analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiĢtir. Tanımlayıcı istatistik analizlerden çarpıklık katsayısının yüksek ve pozitif olması, organik madde, fosfor (P), bakır (Cu), demir (Fe) ve çinko (Zn)' nun büyük oranda topraklarda tarımsal uygulamaların ve/veya kısmen de toprak oluĢum süreçlerinin etkisiyle arttığını göstermiĢtir. Temel bileĢen analizi, toprakların davranıĢlarının tanımlanmasında yedi bileĢenin toplam varyansın yaklaĢık %80'nini açıklayabildiğini ve bu bileĢenlerden iki tanesinin ise topraklardaki mikro elementlerin konsantrasyonundaki değiĢimi açıklayabildiğini belirlemiĢtir. Topraklardaki Cu ve Zn konsantrasyonundaki değiĢimle iliĢkili temel bileĢenin yarayıĢlı P, Cu, Zn, amonyum asetat ile ekstrakte edilebilir Mg ile pozitif; kil miktarı ile negatif iliĢkili olduğu belirlenmiĢtir. Temel bileĢen 5 ise topraklardaki Fe ve Mn konsantrasyonundaki değiĢimi pH'nın negatif etkisiyle iliĢkilendirmiĢtir. Sonuç olarak bazı toprakların Zn ve Cu mikroelementleri açısından gübreleme ve zirai mücadele pratiklerinin etkisiyle DTPA ile ekstrakte edilebilen konsantrasyonlarının çevresel açıdan risk oluĢturabilecek seviyelere ulaĢtığı belirlenmiĢtir.

Priming the seeds with plant nutrients containing solutions is economically feasible and easy way of preventing plants from future nutrient deficiency problems by enriching seed nutrition content; therefore, it has been commonly used in the last decades. Seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Tokak 157/57) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Esperia) were kept in priming solutions containing phosphorus (P), copper sulphate (Cu) and zinc sulphate (Zn) in different concentrations for 10 h and washed in pure water then dried back to the initial moisture content. The chemical compositions of seeds were analysed and then the efficiency tests of priming practices were conducted in completely randomised design pot experiment with three replications. There were priming-induced increases in seeds up to 10.5, 13.4 and 1.61 fold for Cu, Zn and P respectively. The treatments resulted in an increase in the 50% emergence time. Phosphorus treatment (3%) reduced the germination rate by 33% comparing with the control. Seedling nutrient concentrations on the subject were positively responded to nutri-priming treatments. Therefore, these priming techniques could be used to improve seedling's nutrient contents to better perform in the preceding growth stages.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biochars obtained by pyrolysis of the tomato harvest residues at different temperatures on some available nutrient concentrations of soil. For this purpose, biochars were obtained by pyrolysis of the tomato harvest residues at 500 and 700° C for 80 minutes. The biochars were applied to the parcels prepared in 50x50 cm dimensions under field conditions to 3 tons per decare and they were left to stand in natural conditions. 2 months after the application, soil samples were taken in 4 periods at one-month intervals. In these examples, plant available and/or extractable nutrients were determined. According to the results, it was observed that biochar applications did not affect the nutrient concentrations of the soil and had a negative effect on some nutrients. The pyrolysis temperatures had no effect on the efficiency of biochar on soil nutrient concentration.

In this study, the effects of the application of biochars derived from tomato harvest residues on some properties and nutrient concentrations of calcareous soils were investigated. Biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500, and 700C) with the duration of 4 hours were applied to the depth of 15 cm at the rates of 30 t/ha to microplots established (50 cm x 50 cm) in field conditions. Soil samples were taken at four soil incubation periods and were analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), plant available and/or extractable K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. Mean values showed that soil pH significantly increased with the increasing incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. All other parameters examined in the study were significantly affected by the interaction of incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on the results, it can be concluded that the biochars produced at different temperatures and the soil incubation periods did not have a significant contribution on the exchangeable cations and the other nutrients of soil. Furthermore, it was observed that the biochar obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 700C generally had a negative effect.

Soil formation processes and cropping and management practices affect plant-available amounts of boron (B) in soils. Using Pearson's correlation and principal component analyses, this study investigated the relationships between soil properties and plant-available boron concentrations in 69 soil samples. In principal component analysis (PCA), 73.079% of the variance was explained with four components. Plant-available B in the soil was significantly correlated with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), showing that phosphorus and potassium fertilizer producers would be adding boron to fertilizers, although it is not mentioned on their packages. Also, the tide correlation between B and either soil pH and EC was attributed to greater solubility B, pH and EC. The majority of the experimental soils were deficient in boron. Therefore, boron fertilizer must be added to the fertilization program to mitigate the losses caused by boron deficiency in low-input agricultural production fields.