Ciplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) is a Solanaceae family species and contains various active compounds with diverse therapeutic potential. The goal of this investigation was to see if the ethyl acetate fraction of ciplukan had an antifibrotic impact on liver fibrosis. The oral administration of 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) twice weekly for 8 weeks was used to cause liver fibrosis. Four weeks following fibrosis induction, ciplukan ethyl acetate fractions of 1.11 mg (CPL-1) and 2.22 mg (CPL-2) were given orally. As a positive control group, vitamin E was used. When compared to the negative control, the ethyl acetate portion of 2.22 mg (CPL-2) lowered serum alanine aminotransaminase levels (83.95 ± 27.675 vs 175.23 ± 5.641, p-value < 0.05). Microscopic histopathological changes based on the better Metavir score (CPL-2 vs. negative control = 1.25 ± 1.893 vs. 3.50 ± 0.577; p-value < 0.05) and Ishak score (CPL-2 vs. negative control = 1.50 ± 1.000 vs. 4.75 ± 0.957 p-value < 0.05) were demonstrated. Overall, in rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl 4 , these findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of ciplukan has an antifibrotic effect.
Terapi tuberkulosis (TB) menggunakan beberapa antibiotik yang sering diberikan dalam Kombinasi Dosis Tetap (KDT) kategori I dan II berdasarkan Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS). Kombinasi berbagai jenis obat antituberkulosis (OAT) dan durasi terapi yang lama bisa menimbulkan efek samping. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan frekuensi efek samping OAT kategori I dan II. Penelitian cross-sectional ini mengambil data dari rekam medis pasien TB paru dewasa di Klinik DOTS Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, Indonesia, pada periode Juli 2015-Juni 2016. Data yang diambil adalah jenis TB, jenis OAT, efek samping dan waktu kemunculan efek samping. Dari 178 pasien, 27 pasien (15,2%) mengalami efek samping. Jumlah pasien dengan OAT kategori I yang mengalami efek samping sebanyak 22 pasien, sedangkan OAT kategori II sebanyak 5 pasien. Efek samping terbanyak adalah hepatotoksisitas. Efek samping di kategori I paling banyak adalah hepatotoksisitas (52%) sedangkan di kategori II frekuensinya sama yaitu 20% yang terdiri dari hepatotoksisitas, gangguan gastrointestinal, ruam dan gatal, gangguan neurologi dan gagal ginjal. Efek samping pada kategori I banyak terjadi di bulan pertama (48%), sedangkan kategori II banyak terjadi di bulan pertama dan kedua yang masing-masing adalah 40%. Efek samping tidak berhubungan dengan usia dan jenis kelamin (nilai p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kejadian efek samping OAT kategori I dan II bervariasi dan terdapat 27 pasien yang mengalami satu atau lebih efek samping dengan efek samping terbanyak adalah hepatotoksisitas.
The World Health Assembly's target in exclusive breastfeeding has not been achieved. The most common factor contributing to this problem is the perceived insufficient production of breast milk, leading to the inability to give breastmilk to her child. Milk production can be increased using some ways, such as herbal galactagogue. This article aimed to review the effectiveness of some medicinal plants as galactagogues. This study uses a literature review approach by using several sources selected based on the criteria that have been set by researchers. Based on thirteen literature, herbs reviewed in this article showed positive effects as a galactagogue. Evidence regarding its efficacy and safety is scarce. Additionally, few clinical trials exist to justify its effectiveness. Further clinical trials are needed to support these findings.
AbstrakDaun mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) yang berasal dari BPT Situbondo memiliki zat aktif quercetin-3-Oglucoside (Q3G) dan quercetin-4-O-glucoside (Q4G) yang diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi isolat dan dosis optimal Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba terhadap ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus putih (Rattus rattus novergicus). Zat aktif Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba diisolasi secara kualitatif dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa tempat, antara lain: Laboratorium Kimia Organik FMIPA Unpad, Laboratorium Biokimia FK Unpad, serta Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi FK Unpad. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Desember 2011. Penelitian laboratorium eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan terhadap 30 ekor tikus putih yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi larutan glukosa 3,0 x 10 -3 M, dan 4 kelompok perlakuan diberi larutan glukosa berturut-turut Q3G 1 mg/kgBB, Q3G 2 mg/kgBB, Q4G 1 mg/kgBB, dan Q4G 2 mg/kgBB menggunakan alat perfusi in situ. Kadar ambilan glukosa diamati setiap 15 menit selama 1 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dan tes Duncan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 53,1 mg isolat Q3G dan 14,4 mg Q4G diperoleh dari daun mimba BPT Situbondo sebanyak 1 kg. Isolat Q3G 1 mg/kgBB, Q4G 1 mg/kgBB, dan Q4G 2 mg/kgBB berbeda secara bermakna dalam menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus dibanding dengan kontrol pada menit ke-45 (p<0,05). Simpulan, isolat Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba dapat menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus putih. These compounds were isolated using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). From previous studies, Q3G and Q4G are known to inhibit the glucose uptake from intestinal membrane. This study was conducted to understand the potential influence of Q3G and Q4G isolated from mimba leaves in inhibiting glucose uptake in rat's intestinal membrane (Rattus rattus norvegicus). This experimental study employed 30 male rats that met the inclusion criteria that were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I was the control group and only received glucose solution 3,0 x 10-3 M. Group II, III, IV, and V received glucose solution with Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q3G 2 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1 mg/ kgBW, and Q4G 1 2 mg/kgBW, respectively. The inhibitory potentials of Q3G and Q4G on glucose uptake was measured every 15 minutes for one hour using in situ perfusion equipment. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Duncan test with a significance level 95% (α=0.05). From 1 kg fresh mimba leaves, 60.1 mg Q3G and 14.4 mg Q4G were isolated. This study showed that Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1 mg/kgBW, and Q4G 2 mg/kgBW significantly inhibited glucose uptake from rat intestinal membrane compared to negative control at 45th minute (p<0.05). Therefore, Q3G and Q4G isolated from mimba leaves have significantly inhibit glucose uptake from rat's intestinal membrane (Rattus ratt...
Defisiensi zat besi merupakan penyebab utama anemia di negara berkembang. Kadar hemoglobin darah digunakan sebagai penanda anemia defisiensi besi. Indonesia kaya bahan makanan tinggi zat besi namun belum diketahui kemanfaatannya seperti daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp). Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada tikus model anemia defisiensi besi sesudah pemberian ekstrak daun salam. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancang acak lengkap dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad periode 4 Mei-19 Juni 2018. Sebanyak 20 ekor tikus Wistar betina berumur 7 minggu diinduksi menggunakan alumunium sulfat 67,5 mg/kg BB secara intramuskuler selama 7 hari, dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu K1 (tanpa perlakuan) K2 (tablet tambah darah 5,4 mg), P1 (ekstrak daun salam 2,2 mg), P2 (ekstrak daun salam 4,4 mg), P3 (ekstrak daun salam 6,6 mg). Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan auto hematology analyzer sysmex. Uji LSD menunjukkan rerata kadar hemoglobin setelah perlakuan pada kelompok perlakuan berbeda signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05) dan tidak berbeda signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p>0,05). Analisis uji median menunjukkan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin berbeda signifikan pada K2, P1, P2, dan P3 (p<0,05). Disimpulkan, ekstrak daun salam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada tikus model anemia defisiensi besi.
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