In 2016 the value of the world used clothing trade rose from $1.8bn in 2006 to $3.7bn and Sub-Saharan Africa imported around 20 percent of the world's used clothing far more than any other region in the world. Tanzania with other members of EAC agreed to impose huge tariffs on SHC imports and introduced a complete ban on importation by 2019. However, member states retreated their move leaving the future of the textile sector uncertain following threats of economic sanctions from the USA. This study aims at assessing the status of the second-hand clothing trade in Tanzania and its impacts on the growth of the local textile sector. The study applies descriptive design involving qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentary reviews. The study was conducted in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam cities using a stratified random sampling technique. The data collected were analysed using content analysis. The study found that SHC is a lucrative business in Tanzania as 87 percent of respondents use SHCs. Ban of SHC trade is found not to be a preferred solution. It is further found out that SHC trade harms the growth of the textile sector but the failure of the sector cannot wholly be attributed to SHC trade alone. The study recommends for improvement of cotton agriculture, re-regulation of the SHC trade, and enforcing special regulations on the textile and clothing manufacturing sector

Purpose: This study focused on the contribution of language use in outdoor advertisements through analysis of both linguistics and paralinguistics features. Design/Methodology/Approach: An explanatory research design was employed to enable the researcher to integrate both quantitative and qualitative data to explain the contribution of language use for effective outdoor advertisements. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The sampling technique was stratified where forty outdoor advertisements were identified from four clusters of SMEs: macro, micro, medium, and large enterprises, and 12 respondents for both interviews and 108 respondents for questionnaires. Findings: The findings prove that both small and micro enterprises place their outdoor advertisements along the road and near their working place (bus stands), while medium and large enterprises go for billboards and wall painting. Linguistic features found are adjectives, exaggeration, repetition, assonance, slogans, commands, and catchy phrases. While paralinguistics founds were colour, images, names, size, and numbers. The appropriate use of language attract, influence, assure, and encourage customers to act by purchasing, seeking clarity, concentrating, or others. Finally, the study established that language uses contribute to the effectiveness of outdoor advertisements by enabling a message to be well sent to the customers. Research Limitation: The researcher found some problems such as unwillingness to respond to the questions which reduced the number of respondents. Practical Implication: The findings will encourage SMEs to use appropriate language for better output and customers will have the assurance of the product.  Social Implication: This study will add new knowledge to producers, suppliers, and customers. Originality/Value: This study assessed the contribution of language use in an outdoor advertisement by focusing on both linguistics and paralinguistic features. The finding provides evidence of the influence of language use on attracting customers to purchase or ignore the product or service.

Mastering of the subject area and andragogical skills simplifies the teaching and learning process, thus, improves the academic performance of students in their respective examined modules. The current study explored the best andragogical approaches for effective learning of modules experiencing poor academic performance in Tanzania. The study was conducted in the College of Business Education (CBE) whereby a mixed methods approach was employed in the study. Interviews, questionnaires, and document review were used in data collection. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 105 bachelor and 70 diploma students at CBE, Dar es Salaam Campus. The study employed a content analysis technique for qualitative data collected through interviews and document review, while the data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings indicated that most of the methods used by instructors to modules experiencing students’ academic failure were those characterized by teacher-directed learning approaches rather than students’ self-directed learning. Some of the identified weaknesses in those methods were boredom, less participatory, not providing feedback on time, not sharing learners’ experiences and being theoretical oriented rather than being practical. It was also observed that some of the instructors lacked important attributes while interacting with students for effective learning such as being courageous, readiness of volunteering to help students, motivating students, being flexible and fair, and provision of guidance and counseling services to students. Based on the findings, the study recommends that there should be an in-service training on andragogical knowledge and skills to instructors to enable them to effectively perform instructional delivery and assessment activities. In addition to that, all instructors with modules experiencing poor academic performance should be ready to learn from other instructors whose modules or subjects do not experience poor performance.

It has been noted that the horticultural sector does not have a clear system to determine both demand and supply that reflects inappropriate market information sharing. This study explored the market information sharing and assessed challenges impacting effective market information sharing in the horticultural sector (vegetables and fruits). The study is qualitative in nature because it seeks to explore information and it was carried out in Dar es Salaam City. The study employed phenomenological design for describing the essence of the experiences for several individuals who have all experienced the phenomenon. Purposive sampling was used to identify the useful groups and then stratified sampling technique was employed to get a total of 34 respondents from the clusters: farmers, middlemen, vendors, and agricultural officers. Interviews and document reviews were the tools used for collecting both primary and secondary data and the data collected were analyzed by the use of MAXQDA 2020. The study found out that the needed information are price, availability of produce, transportation, and delivery and money transaction methods to be used. Secondly, the results show that information sharing in the industry employs two ways, that is, word of mouth and the use of mobile phones. There are many challenges impacting effective market information sharing such as personal interest in providing information, poor knowledge, poverty, unprotected e-business, poor network, and poor transport facilities. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend that education should be given to the entire industry, to formalize the industry, and sharing of the collected market information through various platforms to enhance availability to anybody's needs.