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Abstract. The recognition of symbols in graphic documents is an intensive research activity in the community of pattern recognition and document analysis. A key issue in the interpretation of maps, engineering drawings, diagrams, etc. is the recognition of domain dependent symbols according to a symbol database. In this work we first review the most outstanding symbol recognition methods from two different points of view: application domains and pattern recognition methods. In the second part of the paper, open and unaddressed problems involved in symbol recognition are described, analyzing their current state of art and discussing future research challenges. Thus, issues such as symbol representation, matching, segmentation, learning, scalability of recognition methods and performance evaluation are addressed in this work. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of symbol recognition concerning to new paradigms such as user interfaces in handheld computers or document database and WWW indexing by graphical content.

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To date, MRI-SPAMM data from different image slices have been analyzed independently. In this papel; we propose a n approach ,for 3 0 tag localization and tracking of SPAMM data by a novel deformable B-solid. The solid is de$ned in terms of a 3 0 tensor product B-spline. The isoparametric curves of the B-spline solid have special importance. These are termed implicit snakes as they deform iinder image forces from tag lines in different image slices. The localization and tracking of tag lines is pe$ormed under constraints of continuity and smoothness of the B-solid. The framework unifies the problems of localization, and displacement$tting and interpolation into the same procedure utilizing B-spline bases f o r interpolation. To track motion from boundaries and restrict image forces to the myocardium, a volumetric model is employed as a pair of coupled endocardial and epicardial B-spline su@aces. To recover deformations in the LV an energy-minimization problem is posed where both tag and LV boundary data are used.