Cofactor recycling is known to be crucial for amino acid synthesis. Hence, cofactor supply was now analyzed for L-valine to identify new targets for an improvement of production. The central carbon metabolism was analyzed by stoichiometric modeling to estimate the influence of cofactors and to quantify the theoretical yield of L-valine on glucose. Three different optimal routes for L-valine biosynthesis were identified by elementary mode (EM) analysis. The modes differed mainly in the manner of NADPH regeneration, substantiating that the cofactor supply may be crucial for efficient L-valine production. Although the isocitrate dehydrogenase as an NADPH source within the tricarboxylic acid cycle only enables an L-valine yield of Y(Val/Glc) = 0.5 mol L-valine/mol glucose (mol Val/mol Glc), the pentose phosphate pathway seems to be the most promising NADPH source. Based on the theoretical calculation of EMs, the gene encoding phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) was deleted to achieve this EM with a theoretical yield Y(Val/Glc) = 0.86 mol Val/mol Glc during the production phase. The intracellular NADPH concentration was significantly increased in the PGI-deficient mutant. L-Valine yield increased from 0.49 +/- 0.13 to 0.67 +/- 0.03 mol Val/mol Glc, and, concomitantly, the formation of by-products such as pyruvate was reduced.
L-valine biosynthesis was analysed by comparing different plasmids in pyruvate-dehydrogenase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum strains in order to achieve an optimal production strain. The plasmids contained different combinations of the genes ilvBNCDE encoding for the L-valine forming pathway. It was shown that overexpression of the ilvBN genes encoding acetolactate synthase is obligatory for efficient pyruvate conversion and to prevent L-alanine as a by-product. In contrast to earlier studies, overexpression of ilvE encoding transaminase B is favourable in pyruvate-dehydrogenase-negative strains. Its amplification enhanced L-valine formation and avoided extra- and intracellular accumulation of ketoisovalerate.
Angesichts der aktuellen Ereignisse wird einmal mehr bewusst, dass Energieeffizienz und damit die Reduktion des Energiebedarfs der Schlüssel zur dauerhaften Unabhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern ist. Energieeffizienz am Gebäude beginnt dabei schon bei den einzelnen Komponenten. In einem aktuellen Forschungsvorhaben zu Dunstabzugssystemen in Wohnküchen konnten wesentliche Einsparpotenziale für diesen Bereich noch einmal beleuchtet werden.Der Energieverbrauch von Abluftdunstabzugssystemen ergibt sich im Wesentlichen aus der Summe der Lüftungswärmeverluste durch den Abluftvolumenstrom (insbesondere ohne Wärmerückgewinnung) während des Kochvorgangs bzw. der Betriebszeit der Dunstabzugshaube und den Infiltrationsverlusten durch undichte Abluftklappen sowie Wärmebrückeneffekte, welche vor allem außerhalb der Betriebszeit wirksam sind.Leckagemessungen an Abluftklappen (Mauerkästen) zeigten auf, wie hoch die Infiltration und damit der dauerhafte Luftaustausch bei marktüblichen Systemen tatsächlich sind. Außerdem wurden Versuche zur Ermittlung der Wrasenerfassung durchgeführt. Mit einem standardisierten Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Wrasenerfassung ließe sich die tatsächliche energetische Performance der Dunstabzugssysteme aufzeigen und damit die Kaufentscheidung der Endkunden hin zu effizienteren und geeigneteren Lösungen lenken.
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