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ABSTRACT. Changes in land use which directly or indirectly affect freshwater fauna constitute one of the principal anthropic factors which have caused world biological diversity to disappear rapidly during recent decades. This fauna includes aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates, organisms presenting temporal and spatial variation due to a variety of factors, one of which is the diverse food resources available in the rivers. To assess the effect of anthropic activities on this fauna, the distribution, abundance and characterisation of the functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates were analysed, together with the physical and chemical variables in the environments of four coastal river basins of southern south-central Chile. A total of 104 taxa of macroinvertebrates were recorded, the principal component of the community being the Diptera (26 taxa). The abundance and richness of taxa were greater in summer and lower in winter. The most abundant species belong to the order Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Macroinvertebrates were affected by different land use: stations with less anthropic activity and greater altitude had higher macroinvertebrates abundance, while the lowest abundance was found at the lowest stations. The functional feeding groups which were most abundant spatially and temporally were the collector-gatherers and the shredders. The physical and chemical water quality variables proved to be of exceptional quality in all the stations. These results suggest that policies governing changes in land use in central and southern Chile should take into account the dramatic alterations that these changes impose on the macroinvertebrates community. Policies for biodiversity conservation should therefore focus on these small but important organisms in the north Patagonian region of South America, which is a hotspot of world diversity. Keywords: diversity, macroinvertebrates, functional feeding groups, land use, Chile.Composición del paisaje como determinante de la diversidad y de grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en ríos de la Araucanía, Chile RESUMEN. Los cambios en el uso de suelo que afectan directa o indirectamente la fauna dulceacuícola, son uno de los principales factores antropogénicos por los cuales la diversidad biológica mundial está desapareciendo a elevadas tasas durante las últimas décadas. Dentro de esta fauna se encuentran los macroinvertebrados bentónicos acuáticos, organismos que varían temporal y espacialmente debido a diversos factores, uno de los cuales son los diversos recursos alimentarios disponibles en los ríos. Para esto, se analizó la distribución, abundancia, y caracterización de los grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados, y las variables físicas y químicas de cuatro cuencas costeras del centro-sur de Chile. Un total de 104 taxa de macroinvertebrados fueron registrados, siendo los dípteros (26 taxa) el componente principal de la comunidad. La abundancia y riqueza de taxa fue más conspicua en verano y menor en invierno. Las especie...

RESUMENProgramas de drenado ponen en serio peligro la permanencia de los humedales de Chile. Sin embargo, la flora y vegetación de estos ecosistemas han sido poco estudiadas. Este estudio clasifica los humedales de la costa de Toltén (IX Región, Chile), determinando su flora y vegetación. De acuerdo a la clasificación de la Convención de Ramsar, se determinaron 5 tipos de humedales en el área: lagunas costeras de agua dulce, ríos y arroyos permanentes, pantanos permanentes de agua dulce, pantanos estacionales de agua dulce y humedal boscoso de agua dulce (bosque pantanoso). Se trabajó con 39 censos de vegetación de acuerdo a la metodología fitosociológica de la Escuela Zürich-Montpellier, y recolecciones al azar. La flora vascular está formada por 84 especies, en las que dominan las nativas (69%). En el espectro biológico dominan los hemicriptófitos, seguidos en importancia por los fanerófitos y criptófitos, estos últimos representan a geófitos, helófitos e hidrófitos. ABSTRACTDrainage programs threaten many of Chile's remaining wetlands, yet the flora and vegetation of these ecosystems have yet to be thoroughly documented. This study classifies and describes the flora and vegetation of the wetlands from the coast of Toltén, IX Region, Chile. According to the Ramsar classification, five types of wetlands were determined in the area: coastal freshwater lagoons, permanent rivers and streams, freshwater marshes, seasonal freshwater and wetlands and swamp forest. Thirty-nine censuses of vegetation according to Zürich-Montpellier methodology were used. The vascular flora is formed by eightyfour species, in which the natives dominate (69%). The hemicryptophytes dominate within the biological spectrum followed by the fanerophytes and cryptophytes.

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