Since 2000, Cali has had the highest mean annual homicide rate among the major Colombian cities. The model of Mills (1972) is extended to include the homicide per commune (from 2005 to 2012) as a measure of social distance, and to quantify the effect of this phenomenon on land prices (mean appraisals). Using an annual panel, the estimates of the model-the family violence rate being the instrumental variable-show that an increase in the homicide rate of one unit reduces the appraisals by 1.6%. One plausible interpretation is that homicides operate as a regressive tax on property wealth in Cali because it is more concentrated in the communes of the lower socioeconomic stratum, systematically expanding the intra-urban social distance.

Análisis de crimen y castigo: el caso de las "parainstituciones" de invasión en Cali ENRIQUE JAVIER BURBANO VALENCIA 94Resumen --- Palabras claveCrimen, esquema policivo-judicial, invasión, disuasión, migración. Abstract--Crime, police and judicial system, invasion, deterrence, migration.

ResumenEntre 2000 y 2011 el departamento colombiano del Putumayo vivió una rápida restructuración sectorial incentivada por el aumento en la producción de hidrocarburos y paralela a una contracción notable del sector agropecuario. Este patrón de "triple velocidad" de la economía -similar al que nacionalmente impulsó el "boom petrolero" -generó una mayor dependencia económica de los recursos naturales y reprodujo allí el modelo tradicional de "estado extractivo". El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar este fenómeno y determinar cómo lo afectaron algunos factores exógenos como los cambios en las reglas del negocio petrolero -después de 2004-y la seguridad interna. Para esto, se calcularon índices de localización, especialización y concentración sectorial y luego con ellos se estimaron dinámicas departamentales de convergencia absoluta, condicional y por clubes, tratando de observar la posición del Putumayo frente a otras regiones. El resultado principal muestra que el Putumayo continúa presentando un patrón de "estado extractivo". SECTORIAL RESTRUCTURING ON PUTUMAYO:AT A "TRIPLE SPEED" DYNAMIC AbstractThe Colombian Department of Putumayo, during the years 2000 to 2011, had a fast sectorial restructuring that was fueled by the increased of the oil production, and simultaneously by a shrinking of the agricultural sector. This economic pattern of "triple speed" that is similar to the national "oil boom" generated a greater natural resources economic dependence, and it reproduce the traditional model of an "extractive state". The research objective is to analyze this phenomenon and to determine in which way it was affected by some exogenous factors such as changing of rules on the oil business, after 2004, and the internal security. For this, it was estimated the following indexes: location, sectorial, specialization and concentration, and based on them, it was estimated the departmental dynamics of absolute convergence, conditional and clubs, in order to observe the Putumayo Department position beside other regions. The main finding shows that this Department continues to show an "extractive state" pattern.