The evolution of technology in clinical environments increases the level of precision in patient care, as well as optimizes the management of healthcare centers. However, the need to have information systems that are more sophisticated and require interoperability between them means that a great deal of effort has to be made to assume the maintenance and scalability of the systems. Therefore, a proposal for a standard information model for the integration of clinical systems in a healthcare environment is presented. In order to elaborate the model, an analysis of the functional needs of the different clinical areas of a clinical environment is made based on the information systems that make up the system and application map. An evaluation of the technical requirements and the technological solutions that can satisfy these requirements is also carried out, delving into the different technical alternatives that allow the exchange of information. From the analysis carried out, an integration model capable of covering the needs that arise in clinical environments with a high level of complexity is obtained, also allowing the continuous evolution of the systems that make up the model, along with the incorporation of new systems. Although the model presented may fully cover the expectations raised, the rapid evolution in terms of both functional needs and technical aspects makes it necessary to continuously monitor and evaluate the model, in order to adapt it to the needs that arise.

Objectives: This paper presents a systematic mapping of studies related to information systems and technology in the field of healthcare, enabling a visual mapping of the different lines of knowledge that can provide an overview of the scientific literature in this field. This map can help to clarify critical aspects of healthcare informatics, such as the main types of information systems, the ways in which they integrate with each other, and the technological trends in this field. Methods: Systematic mapping refers to a process of classifying information in a given area of knowledge. It provides an overview of the state of the art in a particular discipline or area of knowledge, establishing a map that describes how knowledge is structured in that particular area. In this study, we proposed and carried out a specific implementation of the methodology for mapping. In total, 1,619 studies that combine knowledge related to information systems, computer science, and healthcare were selected and compiled from prestigious publications. Results: The results established a distribution of the available literature and identified papers related to certain research questions, thereby providing a map of knowledge that structures the different trends and main areas of research, making it possible to address the research questions and serving as a guide to deepen specific aspects of the field of study. Conclusions: We project and propose future research for the trends that stand out because of their interest and the possibility of exploring these topics in greater depth.