This study determined the state of conservation and association of abiotic variables in the mangrove forest of Playa Blanca, Holguin, Cuba. Three randomly located transects were made, each of 100 m2 (10 x 10 m). A stress level (0.06) was obtained, allowing to establish a good level of adjustment in the distribution of the ecological distances of both species in relation to the previously established chemical-physical parameters. A poor state of conservation of the Playa Blanca mangrove forest is confirmed, and a strong association between temperature and the total height of the trunk of both mangrove species present.
Mérida. Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso; Apartado Postal #73 Cordemex; 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México. maruvega@cinvestav.mx. RESUMENEl pez león (Pterois volitans) es una especie arrecifal que ha invadido de una manera vertiginosa el Atlántico Occidental. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la dieta del pez león en la zona costera de Holguín, Cuba. Para ello, se realizaron ocho campañas de muestreo durante el período abril-noviembre de 2016 en seis sitios costeros, incluyendo arrecifes frontales, artificiales y bahías, ubicados entre los 14 y 35 m de profundidad. Se analizó un total de 250 ejemplares con tallas entre 8 y 33 cm de longitud estándar. A través del análisis de sus contenidos estomacales se identificaron 27 tipos de presa, las cuales se agruparon en las categorías tróficas de peces, crustáceos y moluscos. Los peces fueron el componente preferencial en la dieta del pez león en base a los métodos numérico, frecuencia de ocurrencia, gravimétrico e índice de importancia relativa. Dentro de las presas, las especies de peces Holocentrus rufus y Monocanthus tuckeri fueron las más representativas. La dieta del pez león en el área de estudio reflejó la disponibilidad de las presas en cada sitio, lo que sugiere que es un predador oportunista (Índice de Levin = 0.91). No se encontró diferencias estadísticas en relación a la similitud entre los sitios de muestreo a partir del aporte del peso de los diferentes componentes consumidos.Palabras clave: especie invasora, generalista trófico, pez león. ABSTRACTThe lionfish (Pterois volitans) is a species of reef fish that has invaded the Western Atlantic in a dizzying manner. The objective of this study was to characterize the diet of the lionfish in the coastal zone of Holguín, Cuba. For this purpose, eight sampling campaigns were conducted during the period April-November 2016 in six coastal sites, including frontal, artificial reefs and bays located between 14 and 35 m deep. A total of 250 specimens with sizes between 8 and 33 cm of standard length were collected. Through stomach contents analysis, 27 types of prey were identified, which were grouped into the trophic categories of fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The fish were the principal component in the diet of the lionfish according to the numerical, frequency, gravimetric methods and the index of relative importance. Within the preys, the fish species Holocentrus rufus and Monocanthus tuckeri were the most representative. The diet of the lionfish in the study area reflected the availability of prey at each site, suggesting that it is an opportunistic predator (Levin index = 0.91). No statistical differences were found in relation to the similarity between the sampling sites based on the contribution of the weight of the different components consumed.
This study is aimed to determine the diversity and structure of the ichthyologic communities in the coral reefs of Holguín, Cuba. A total of 85 fish species were recorded, including in 32 families and 53 genera. Low species richness and equitability were estimated at different sampling sites throughout the reef system. Cadena de Vita and Canto Chiquito are the sites with the highest number of species 47 and 46 respectively. Cueva 1 and Punta Naranjo were the places with the highest equitability 0.76. Replacement of fish species among the reef sites studied is poor. Canto Azul with Canto Pionero and La Llanita, sharing 29 species. These results reflect a poor state of conservation of the marine fish communities in Holguín.
La estructura de los ensamblajes de peces fluviales se ha relacionado con los factores abióticos y la recolonización dinámica, en lugar de considerar las interacciones bióticas como las de mayor importancia. Este trabajo se propuso determinar patrones de coexistencia entre las especies ictiológicas dulceacuícolas en los ríos del municipio Gibara, Holguín, Cuba. El índice del puntaje-C observado fue 0.732, mayor al simulado (0.6762). Los pares de especies que presentaron más unidades de co-ocurrencia (6) correspondieron a: Joturus pichardi con Awaous banana y Cubanichthys cubensis; Sicydium plumieri con Ciprinus carpio, Cyprinodon artifrons; Eleotris pisonis y Hypophthalmichthys nobilis. El índice observado de la razón de varianza fue igual a 3.8689 permitiendo determinar que existe una fuerte covarianza entre la composición de las especies con el número de sitios. Se obtuvo dos grandes grupos en el análisis de similitud a un 75 %, no presentando diferencias estadísticas. Las especies que más contribuyeron a la disimilitud entre ambos grupos fueron las especies del género Awaous, Girardinus denticulatus y S. plumieri.
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