Background. Shared Situation Awareness (SSA) has been applied in many fields such as sport, the military and aviation with promising outcomes on team performance. The application of SSA within the hospital emergency healthcare context has not been explored yet. The aim of this scoping review is to explore and map literature related to shared situational awareness within the hospital emergency healthcare context. Methods. The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework was used in which three electronic databases were searched for evidence investigating SSA within a hospital emergency healthcare context. Results. A review of the literature showed a clear lack of evidence that directly investigates SSA within the context of hospital emergency care. In the emergency medical field, the term SSA is seldom used and ‘team situation awareness’ is the most frequently used term. The most common framework was the three-level framework. Two techniques were reported in the selected studies to investigate SSA (1) freeze probe technique and (2) observer-based rating technique. The freeze probe technique mandates a simulation or artificial environment, while the observer-based rating technique could be applied in an ecological as well as an artificial environment. There is no standardized technique to calculate the score of the SSA. Finally, there was a significant impact of SSA on clinical team performance as well as some related skills such as leadership, task management, mindfulness and task prioritization. Conclusions. Reviewing the literature revealed a lack of studies investigating the use of SSA within the context of hospital emergency care. There is also a lack of agreement on how a SSA score should be calculated. Further studies are required to overcome these issues.

Context: A surgical intervention generally causes physical and psychological strain, which leads to excessive anxiety. The provision of knowledge and patient education during the preoperative period helps to reduce anxiety levels among surgical patients. Aim: This review conducted to investigate the effect of preoperative education on anxiety levels among patients undergoing surgery or invasive procedure irrespective of general or local anesthesia. Methods: Searching for related articles performed in four databases (MEDLINE, CINHALE, Trip, and Pub Med) between 2014 to 2018. Out of all searched literature, nine studies retrieved (5 randomized controlled trials, three quasi-experimental studies, and one descriptive study) to be included with a total of 1670 patients. The articles involved in the given review (verbal education, telephone, booklet, and PowerPoint presentation) used different types of educational media. Results: All the studies where included in this literature review revealed that the most planned and structured preoperative education could reduce anxiety among patients scheduled for surgery or invasive procedure irrespective of general or local anesthesia. Conclusions: Most of the articles demonstrate the positive effect of planned and structured preoperative educations on anxiety levels, regardless of the types of the media in delivering education to patients.

Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and quality of bones reduce. It is a silent thief, producing no symptoms until a fragility fracture occurs.Aim: This study aimed to assess the osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and preventive behaviours among female health colleges' students at King Abdulaziz University.Materials and Methods: Design: A cross sectional descriptive design. Setting and sample: 299 female students were recruited from four female health faculties (nursing, dentistry, applied medical and medical rehabilitation sciences) at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. Tools for Data Collection:Four tools were used including: characteristics assessment questionnaire, osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool, osteoporosis health belief scale and osteoporosis preventing behaviours survey.Results: 52.5% of the study participants had moderate level of knowledge regarding osteoporosis with satisfactory level of knowledge regarding osteoporosis symptoms and risk of fracture (60.4%). While, there was unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding osteoporosis risk factors, preventive measures and availability of the treatment (43.4%, 38.3% and 36.6% respectively). The beliefs of perceived susceptibility and seriousness of osteoporosis were low (53% and 57% respectively). Also, there was inadequate level of practicing osteoporosis preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant positive correlations were found between physical activity and perceived benefits of physical exercise and calcium intake and health motivation. In addition, significant negative correlations had been detected between physical activity and both of barriers to exercise and calcium intake. Finally, there was highly significant positive correlation between students' knowledge regarding osteoporosis and their health beliefs. Conclusion and recommendations: Moderate level of students' knowledge regarding osteoporosis was noted. Susceptibility and severity perception toward osteoporosis were low. Practices towards preventing osteoporosis were inadequate. Therefore, the researcher recommended to provide health education and prevention programs about osteoporosis targeted university students to narrow the gap between knowledge and practices.