Background: Testicular self-examination (TSE) is the performance of a physical self-assessment of the testicles for changes in mass or shape in the scrotum that could be indicative of disease. Aim: To evaluate the effect of educational guidelines on knowledge and practice regarding testicular self-examination among male students. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the present study. Sample: A convenience sample of (100) male students was included in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Technical Institute of Nursing at South Valley University. Tools: Three tools were utilized to collect data. First tool: a structured interviewing questionnaire used to assess demographic data.  Second tool: to assess male students' knowledge sheet regarding testicular self-examination. Third tool: A simplified testicular self-examination checklist to assess male students' practice. Results: There was a highly statistically significant improvement in the total level of male students' knowledge and practice regarding testicular self-examination after the implementation of educational guidelines compared to before. Conclusion: Educational guidelines about testicular self-examination enriched male students' knowledge and practice more than before. Recommendations: A continuous male student educational session about testicular self-examination is recommended to upgrade the knowledge and skills of male students.

Background: Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Aim: The current study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia. Research Design: A case control design. Setting: The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic at Al zahraa hospital – Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Sample: Purposive sample (120 pregnant women), was divided into study group (n=60) and control group (n=60). Tools: Two tools for data collection. First tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire which used to assess demographic data, obstetrical history, family history, physical examination to diagnose preeclampsia and laboratory investigation to confirm the diagnosis. Second tool: Serum vitamin D levels of both groups were measured by using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Result: Significant lower mean vitamin D of study group compared to control group with highly statistical significant difference between both groups. In addition, there were 3-fold increased odds of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women who had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). Also, observed that when vitamin D level decreases, the severity of preeclampsia increases.