The specification of the most convenient cultivars based on multiple trait indices is a new approach in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) adaptation and stability studies. This approach helps to define the best cultivar based on multiple traits and multiple locations because cultivars are affected by unpredictable climatic conditions. Some traits (ears per square meter, spike length, number of grains per spike, spike yield, and leaf chlorophyll content among others) can be produced for primary breeding purposes because they are influenced by environmental factors and indirectly affect grain yield and quality. Therefore, in the present study, the new genotype × yield × trait (GYT) biplot approach was used to identify the best cultivar among 10 durum wheat cultivars based on multiple environments (8) and multiple traits (18). Cultivar ranking was examined by a superiority index that combined yield and other target traits with the GYT biplot. The general adaptability of each cultivar in terms of all the traits indicated differences based on environment means, and significant differences were found between varieties for the GYT biplot. In the GYT biplot, yield-trait combinations clearly indicated the most stable cultivars, whereas in the genotype × trait (GT) biplot, the best cultivars were not defined for all traits. 'Sariçanak' was ranked as the best combination of physio-morphological traits with grain yield, 'Zühre' was the best for more quality traits, and 'Güneyyildizi' was the best for both physio-morphological and quality traits in the GYT biplot. The GYT biplot combines traits with yield and can help the visual identification of the best cultivars; it is better than the GT biplot method.

SUMMARYThe explication of candidate line and new varieties is uncomfortable the affect of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). The AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) analysis and GEI is making to estimation grain yield and understands GxE interaction patterns by researches as differential ranking of variety yields in multi-environment trials. So, a candidate of release and three spring barley varieties which registered in different years were reclaimed at seven environments. The experiments were performed according to a complete randomized block design with four replications. The stability and superiority of genotypes for yield was determined using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. Factors (G, GE, and GEI) were found to be highly significant (P < 0.01) for grain yield. AMMI analysis indicated that the major contributions to treatment sum of squares were environments (79.4%), GE (13.9%) and genotypes (6.4%), respectively, suggesting that grain yield of genotypes were effected environmental conditions. The GGE biplot indicated that PCA 1 and PCA 2 axes (Principal component) were significant as P<0.01 and supplied to 86.3% of the complete GxE interaction. The GGE biplot indicated that four mega-environment were occured in terms of varieties. The varieties and candidate line took part in an independent mega-environment. On the other hand, Candidate line showed general adaptability (E1, E2, E4, E5 and E7), while Altikat and Sur 93 showed specific adaptation to E3 and E6 respectively. According to both techniques, especially Sahin 91, Sur 93 and Altikat came forward with low yielding, while candidate line with high yielding, stability and general adaptability. Statistical results indicated that AMMI and GGE biplot are informative techniques to compare varieties with candidate lines to discover general stability, adaptation pattern for practical recommendations.

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SUMMARYGrain yield is very important and complicated trait in spring barley breeding and rely upon combination varied plant traits (agronomic and quality). For this reason, a real barley breeding program necessaries an appropriate mentality of the relationships between grain yield and traits. The aim of study was evaluate the relationship of grain yield and other traits of 25 spring barley genotypes in one location during two years by GGE Biplot analysis. The experiments were performed according to a complete randomized block design with three replications. Factors (G, GE, and GEI) were found to be highly significant (P < 0.01) for grain yield. GGE Biplot indicated that three group were occurred among traits, first group (thousand grain weight, protein content, crude cellulose and cold damage), second group (hectoliter weight, lodging, plant height and heading time), third group (grain yield and seed humidity). Moreover, the study showed that negative correlation was found between grain yield and traits without seed humidity. The results of AMMI model and GGE Biplot indicated that G12, G13, G16 and G18 is proper for grain yield, G2, G6, G19 and G1 desirable origin for quality and other agronomic traits to select for advance stage and use in barley breeding program.

The AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype, genotype x environment) biplot analyses were used to evaluate and identify stability and yield of Triticale genotypes at three different locations throughout two years (2014-15-2015-16). The AMMI analysis of variance showed significant genotype, environment and GE interaction and indicated 1.31, 98.40 and 0.28% of total variation, respectively. The GGE bi-plot analysis indicated 78.19% of the total variation (PC1 (priciple component) 50.01%, and PC2 26.08%). This study has been useful to discriminate genotypes with superior and stable yield evaluated by the AMMI analysis and yield stability index incorporating the AMMI stability value and yield capacity in a single non-parametric index. The AMMI analysis indicated that G4, G8 (candidate) and G6 were found to be quite promising genotypes. In the GGE biplot analysis genotypes were investigated in two mega-environments, and the first megaenvironment covered E3, E5 and E6, and the second mega-environment covered E1, E2 and E4. The genotypes G6, G8, G9 and G11 were the wining genotypes in ME (mega-environment) I, G3, G4 and G12 and in ME II. The GGE and AMMI biplot approaches let us to describe the best genotypes, and G8 to be stable and high yielding for both ME, G6 only for ME I, G4 only for ME II and can be recommended to release as a cultivar.