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The purpose of this research was to determine the best type and level of tapioca flour in rabbit meatballs based on pH, WHC, cooking loss, and color. Rabbit meat and tapioca flour were used as research materials. The method used is a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern. Factor A is the type of tapioca flour, namely dragon tapioca flour and special tapioca flour. Factor B is the level of use of tapioca flour, namely 25% and 50%. The pH value, WHC, cooking loss, and color used as the analyzed variable. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance and if there was a significant effect, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test or DMRT. The results showed that the treatment using different types and levels of tapioca flour had a highly significant difference effect (P < 0.01) on WHC, cooking loss, L, a*, and b* and had no effect (P>0.05) on rabbit meatball pH. It can be concluded that tapioca special flour with level 25% gives the best results on characteristic of rabbit meatball.

The objective of this study was to observe the interactions between salt-soluble proteins extracted from beef and elephant foot yam ( Amorphophallus campanulatus ) flour in heat-induced gel matrix development. The effect of salt concentration; 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% in weight/weight basis (w/w), during protein extraction on pH, salt-soluble protein concentration and myofibril fractions of beef extract was determined firstly, and no significant effect was found. The beef salt-soluble proteins extracted using salt solution at different concentrations were then added with elephant foot yam flour at 5%, 10%, and 15% w/w, gelatinized at 90°C for 20 min, and cooled down at 4°C for 12 h. The interactions between beef salt-soluble proteins and elephant foot yam flour resulted in an improved gel strength ( p < 0.01) and the addition level of elephant foot yam flour affected the pH, instrumental color, moisture, crude protein, and ash content significantly. The addition of elephant foot yam flour also reduced the size of the pores in the gel matrix as shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. These suggest that elephant foot yam flour well interacts with beef salt-soluble proteins to form gel matrix.

This research was purposed to find out the effect of durian seed starch addition (DuriozibethinusMurr) on chemical qualities and organoleptic properties of chicken meat balls based on chemical qualities (water content, protein and fat content) and organoleptic properties (texture, smell and taste). The result showed that the treatment P0, P1, P2, P3 gave a very significantly affect (P<0.01) on chemical qualities (water content, protein content, and fat content), gave a significantly affect (P<0.05) on organoleptic properties (texture), but the addition of durian's seed starch did not give significantly affect (P>0.05) on organoleptic properties (smell and taste). The best result was chicken meatballs made with addition of durian seed starch 15%, it has quality standart that suitable with SNI and acceptable for organoleptic properties. The conclusion of this research was addition of durian's seed starch in chicken meatballs decreased water content, protein and fat content, also organoleptic properties. The optimum addition of durian's seed starch on chicken meat balls were 15%.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the smoking traditional and liquid smoking on the quality of smoked beef in terms of