No abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not encode proteins but play important roles in regulating cellular processes. Multiple studies over the past decade have demonstrated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer, in which some miRNAs can act as biomarkers or provide therapy target. Accumulating evidence also points to the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating miRNA-mRNA networks. An increasing number of ncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular processes, and dysregulation of ncRNAs often heralds disease. As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, placing enormous pressure on global health systems. Given the excellent performance of ncRNAs in early cancer screening and treatment, here we attempted to aggregate and analyze the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in neuronal development and disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on ncRNA taxonomy, biogenesis, and function, and discuss current research progress on ncRNAs in relation to neuronal development, differentiation, and neurodegenerative diseases.

No abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine malignant tumor. The incidence of PTC has increased in the past decades and presents a younger trend. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs), featured with non-linear, closed-loop structures, play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and regulate cell biological processes, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. Additionally, due to their unique stability, circRNAs hold promising potential as diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for PTC treatment. In this review, we systematically arrange the expression level of circRNAs, related clinical characteristics, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, related signaling pathways and their potential ability of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are discussed, which might provide a new strategy for PTC diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis.

Appraising the enterprise value of a company in the soft drinks industry in terms of its earnings, fixed assets, intangible assets, goodwill, human resources, etc. has always been a complex issue. Given the convenience of the valuation method, analysts often choose to avoid complex valuation models by opting for multiple valuation models. When using the multiple valuation method, it becomes a question of how to use the correct multipliers and how to target the analysis to the soft drinks industry. In this article, PepsiCo, Monster Beverage Corp, and Nestlé SA were chosen as comparable companies and a multiple valuation model was used to derive three different Coca-Cola share prices at that time based on financial data at the end of 2021 using P/E, EV/EBITDA, and EV/Sales as multipliers respectively. It was found that the median could not be used as a multiplier for calculation purposes and that EV/Sales performed much worse than the other two multiples. In response to these two findings, the article makes several recommendations for valuation practices in the soft drinks industry and for the operations of soft drinks companies.