As local governments around the world struggle to finance and deliver quality education under fiscal constraints, pressures mount to increase efficiency and productivity in order to obtain more output from the same or fewer resources. Focusing on the case of Korea, this study investigates the productivity of outputs in local offices of education (OEs) through the analysis of personnel and financial factors by year (2012–2016). Overall, the results indicate the efficient operation of the OEs in Korea. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) mean decreased from 2012 to 2014, increased from 2014 to 2015, and decreased from 2015 to 2016. The rate of chronological change in each OE’s MPI showed the same pattern of change in the distribution ratio of school expenditures. Finally, the MPI had the same pattern as the Technical Change Index. Policy implications are provided.

From the perspective of training and qualification standards for infant teachers and childcare teachers, this study aims to deal with the overall discussion on improving the training system of infant teachers and childcare teachers by exploring the experiences of kindergarten and daycare center managers for field teachers. As a result of the study, first, both kindergarten and daycare center managers recognized that there was a difference in expertise according to the type of training institution. Teachers with long educational years were considered to be relatively superior in terms of competencies required for work. Second, kindergarten and daycare center managers commonly recognized the difference in competency between early childhood education majors and non-child education majors such as childcare and other child-related departments. Third, both kindergarten and daycare center managers recognized that a lot of improvement was needed in terms of educational practice. Fourth, both kindergarten and daycare center managers pointed out the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of incumbent education at the same time. Fifth, the qualification acquisition path was influencing in the appointment and recruitment process. Based on the analysis results, suggestions can be provided as follows. First, it is desirable to reorganize both the training system for infant teachers and childcare teachers centered on the subject system and to abolish the short-term training system. Second, various improvements should be made in educational practice. Third, incumbent education should be field-friendly. Finally, this study is meaningful in that by analyzing the perception of institutional managers in terms of the training system, the necessity that the training process to secure expertise for each system is needed to change for the unification of childcare center and kindergarten.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to derive practical policy implications for ‘A Study on the Development of Teacher Training System of the Ministry of Education in 2021’ by systematically synthesizing and analyzing articles related to the pre-service teacher practicum system in the U.S. [Methods]In this study, a Systematic Literature Review was conducted on academic papers in the context of the United States published in the Web of Science, and a total of 13 studies were selected and analyzed as final analysis target literature. [Results] First, the teacher practicum system in the United States broadly reflected the regional context and multicultural needs. Second, three agents of practicum, university professors (teacher educators or methodology instructors), in-service teachers (cooperative teachers or mentor teachers), and pre-service teachers, were participating in the planning and managing of the practicum system based on cooperation. Third, attempts to verify the research-based practicum system were actively being made. [Conclusion] First, various discussions for multicultural education need to be made by actively encouraging cooperative teaching-learning activities with bilingual instructors and domestic teacher practicum for overseas pre-service teachers. Second, it is necessary to provide an institutional basis for pre-service teachers, university professors, and in-service teachers to cooperate in various forms so that pre-service teachers can comprehensively participate in educational activities as members of the educational community. Third, it will be necessary to actively encourage the pilot operation of various experimental practicum systems for the purpose of granting autonomy to the practicum system plan and verifying themselves.

[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to provide meaningful implications to South Korea by analyzing career-specific teacher training system in South Korea and Japan. [Methods]To this end, Seoul and Tokyo were selected as representatives of each country and related documents were analyzed. An analysis framework that set background of introduction, operating system, and program as comparative standards was used. [Results]The main findings were as follows. First, Both South Korea and Japan introduced career-specific teacher training to develop teachers’professionalism and improve their competencies. Second, South Korea focused on out-school training, but Japan focused on in-school training as the legal training. Third, in terms of program, there were differences for period, participants, evaluation and so on. South Korea focused on short-term and lecture/participation-centered training, but Japan focused on long-term and case sharing/practice-centered training. Participants were limited to a narrower range in Japan. Also, unlike South Korea, Japan conducted separate evaluation and it was used for decision on formal hiring and future training plan. [Conclusion]This study suggests that school principals’ role performance for operating in-school training, sophisticated demand analysis and reflection of on-site opinions, and solutions to support teachers’continuous learning are needed for career-specific teacher training system in South Korea.