Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause for cardiovascular disease. Current pharmacotherapies are limited by the inadequate targeting and insufficient treatment. Herein, inspired by the interaction of macro phage and lipoprotein as a typical hallmark of atherosclerosis, hybrid nano vesicles (MLPNVs) are designed by fusion of antiinflammatory M2phenotype macrophage membranes and lipidated peptide (DOPEpp HBSP) to mimic the binding manner of celllipoprotein for atherosclerotic treatment. Through hybridization of M2 macrophage membranes and lipidated peptide film, MLPNVs facilitate the inflammatory cell inter nalization at atherosclerotic site, and sequester the proinflammatory cytokines to suppress local inflammation. Moreover, MLPNVs exhibit a matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2)responsive release of the peptide HBSP in plaques, leading to the restoration of dysfunctional endothelial cells. In the ApoE −/− mice with atherosclerosis, simvastatinloaded MLPNVs provide comprehensive treatment by inherent inflammation suppression, endothelial repair, and cholesterol efflux capacities, resulting in athero sclerotic plaques regression. Through closely mimicking physiological cues, this biomimetic hybrid nano vesicle platform provides a potential strategy for antiatherosclerotic therapy.

Lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for drug delivery due to their advantages including biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity. However, the shortcomings of traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as insufficient targeting, capture by the reticuloendothelial system, and fast elimination limit the efficiency of drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a series of multifunctional lipid-based nanocarriers have been developed to enhance the accumulation of drugs in the lesion site, aiming for improved diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we summarized the advances and applications of lipid-based nanocarriers from traditional to novel functional lipid preparations, including liposomes, stimuli-responsive lipid-based nanocarriers, ionizable lipid nanoparticles, lipid hybrid nanocarriers, as well as biomembrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, and further discussed the challenges and prospects of this system. This exploration may give a complete idea viewing the lipid-based nanocarriers as a promising choice for drug delivery system, and fuel the advancement of pharmaceutical products by materials innovation and nanotechnology.