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Context: Several aromatic and medicinal Morrocan plants have been used traditionally in pharmaceutical products and traditional medicine for the treatment of several pathologies. Objective: Evaluation of the protective power of nine Moroccan plants ethanol extracts against some strains of bacteria. Method: The antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts (EE) were evaluated using agar-well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and IC 50 against nine foodborne bacteria [Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (PN15 and 25923), Escherichia coli (TF2 and ATCC 25929), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P116 and 195) and Salmonella enterica]. Screening of chemical constituents was carried out as well. Results: We noted the presence of leuco-anthocyanins, anthocyanins, essential oils, alkaloids, and aldehydes in the extracts. The strains of S. enterica followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were the most resistants to the extracts effect. The principal component analysis (APC) demonstrated that the highest antibacterial activity was that of L. nobilis and O. europaea ethanol extract (EE), which was directly bactericidal on all the strains tested with the exception of P. aeruginosa. While, R. tinctorum, S. indicum and L. sativum were characterized by the lowest activity. Plant collection and extract preparationPlants were collected in March, May and Jun 2015 from different region of Morocco (Table 1). The selected parts were dried at 40°C for 15 h. All samples were then ground into a fine powder, which was passed through an 80-mesh sieve. Aqueous extracts were obtained by extraction of samples (30 g) with distilled water (300 ml), for 60 min at 80°C (HAE) or 24 h min at 25°C (CAE). Hydroalcohol extracts were obtained by extraction of samples (20 g) with 200 ml of ethanol solution (70%) for 24 h. The extractions were performed three times. After evaporation, the extracts obtained were autoclaved at 121°C for 15 min and stored at 4°C away from light until use. The extracts yield was determined by the following formula. R: Extract yield (%), P x : Extract weight (g), P y : Plant weight (g). Qualitative analysis of phytochemicalsDifferent groups of secondary metabolites such as aldehydes, terpenoids, polyphenols including flavonoids and tannins, alkaloids, saponins and quinone substances were investigated as used by. 5 Evaluation of antibacterial activityAntibacterial activity was evaluated at Laboratory of Microbiology of hygiene and food safety department of the Institute Pasteur TangierMorocco. Microbial Strains and Growth ConditionsSix different reference strains and food-borne isolates were used for assessing the plant antimicrobial properties; including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Table 2). Fresh cultures were prepared by T. foenum graecumTotal (N) 6/9 5/9 3/9 4/9 2/9 5/9 2/9 5/9 6/9 transferring a loop of cells from the agar slant to a test tube containing 5 ml of brain heart infusion (BHI) (BioRad) and then in...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has emerged as a significant cause of Gram-negative infections, particularly in patients with impaired host defenses. It is one of the six ESKAPE pathogens that majorly cause severe nosocomial infections. In addition to biofilm formation, PA possesses various virulence factors. It can be life-threatening due to his remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics, either intrinsically, developing adaptative resistance, or following the acquisition of resistance genes. The situation worsens when these mechanisms co-exist, conferring worrying multi-resistant phenotypes. Therapeutic options are becoming limited, which has led to the development of new antibiotics and novel alternative therapeutic strategies that require the exploration of other therapeutic avenues. Although mostly at the preclinical stages, many recent studies have reported several innovative therapeutic technologies that have demonstrated pronounced effectiveness in fighting against drug-resistant Pa strains. This literature review aims to discuss the mechanism of pyocyanic bacillus resistance to antibiotics, highlight the current state of some novel antibiotics and combination therapies, and the new alternative therapeutic approaches for treating PA infections.