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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a laser-activated bleaching agent containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on enamel roughness and hardness. Materials and Methods: Twenty human premolars were randomized into two groups according to the bleaching treatments performed: HP – 35% hydrogen peroxide and HP + TiO 2 – 30% hydrogen peroxide containing TiO 2 light-activated by diode laser (980 nm). It was performed two bleaching sessions with an interval of 7 days. Microhardness and roughness of the enamel were assessed at three times: T0 – Before 1 st appointment, T1 – after 2 nd appointment, and T2–7 days after 2 nd appointment. Results: The HP + TiO 2 did not cause changes on enamel roughness and hardness and presented the same effects of the HP. Conclusions: Both bleaching agents showed no difference between them. Then, it is possible to conclude that both are viable for clinical use during in-office dental bleaching technique regarding the microstructural changes that they might cause.

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