High-power photoselective KTP laser vaporization prostatectomy is feasible and appears to be safe and effective for immediate relief of the bladder-outlet obstruction secondary to benign hyperplasia. The system is a promising alternative in all, but especially in high-risk patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.

Background and Objectives:In this retrospective study, nature, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and endoscopic treatment of urinary system foreign bodies were evaluated.Methods:A total of 8 cases were treated with endoscopic surgery between February 15, 2007 and June 12, 2012. Clinical findings, radiologic diagnosis, and management were reviewed.Results:We observed that urinary tract foreign bodies were generally secondary to iatrogenic causes; however, bladder/urethral foreign bodies could also be due to self-insertion. Clinical findings were different secondary to their location in the urinary system. All foreign bodies were treated endoscopically.Conclusions:Foreign bodies of the urinary system can successfully be treated with endoscopic modalities without any complications.

(2015) Renoprotective effect of aliskiren on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: electron microscopy and molecular study, Renal Failure, 37:2,[343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354] Purpose: To determine the protective effect of aliskiren on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat renal (I/R) model. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham control group; sham control with aliskiren pretreatment; I/R group and I/R with two doses of aliskiren pretreatment. Rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Aliskiren (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally by gavage 24 and 1 h prior to ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, kidney samples were taken for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) activity and histological evaluation. The level of serum creatinine (SCR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renin and angiotensin II (AT-2) was measured in serum samples. Results: Kidneys from I/R groups showed significant increase in MDA level and significant decrease in GSH, and SOD activity. IL-1b, iNOS and NFkB gene expression significantly increased in the I/R groups in the rat kidney tissue. Aliskiren treatment showed a significant down-regulatory effect on IL-1b, iNOS and NFkB mRNA expression. Compared with the sham group, SCR and BUN, renin and AT-2 were significantly increased in the I/R rats, accompanied by histopathological damage to the kidney. Conclusion: Pretreatment with aliskiren ameliorated I/R-induced renal injury through decreasing nitric oxide and AT-2 levels and by the reduction of injury induced by I/R injury and ameliorated renal histopathological molecular and biochemical changes.

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Purpose. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of RIRS for the treatment of multiple unilateral intrarenal stones smaller than 20 mm. Methods. Between March 2007 and April 2013, patients with multiple intrarenal stones smaller than 20 mm were treated with RIRS and evaluated retrospectively. Each patient was evaluated for stone number, stone burden (cumulative stone length), operative time, SFRs, and complications. Results. 173 intrarenal stones in 48 patients were included. Mean age, mean number of stones per patient, mean stone burden, and mean operative time were 40.2 ± 10.9 years (23–63), 3.6 ± 3.0 (2–18), 22.2 ± 8.4 mm (12–45), and 60.3 ± 22.0 minutes (30–130), respectively. The overall SFR was 91.7%. SFRs for patients with a stone burden less and greater than 20 mm were 100% (23/23) and 84% (21/25), respectively (χ 2 = 26.022, P < 0.001). Complications occurred in six (12.5%–6/48) patients, including urinary tract infection or high-grade fever >38.5°C in three cases, prolonged hematuria in two cases, and ureteral perforation in one case, all of whom were treated conservatively. No major complications occurred. Conclusions. RIRS is an effective treatment option in patients with multiple unilateral intrarenal stones especially when the total stone burden is less than 20 mm.