Our study indicates that pretreatment with ACE protects against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity due to the antioxidant properties of ACE. Further studies on efficacy of antioxidant treatment by ACE in DOX-mediated toxicity and underlying mechanisms would provide a better explanation.

Background: Breast cancer in young women is associated with aggressive biology. We analyzed histopathological and clinical properties of breast cancer patients diagnosed at ≤40 years of age. Methods: Breast cancer patients who were admitted between 2015 and 2019 were included. Baseline characteristics of the patients with treatment-related outcomes were assessed. The study group was divided into two subgroups; <35 years old as “very young” and ≥35 years old as “young.” Results: The data of 137 patients (60 patients <35 years) were reviewed. The mean age was 34.7 years. The mean follow-up duration was 44.45 ± 26.39 months, and the mean disease-free survival was 36.17 ± 21.97 months. 11.4% of the patients were diagnosed with Stage 4 disease. Pathologic subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma in 86% of patients. 16.8% of the patients were luminal A, 38.7% luminal B, 30.5% were human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–positive type, and 15.3% were triple-negative. Only 5 (3.3%) patients had given birth after chemotherapy. During the follow-up period of early-staged diagnosed patients, metastatic disease occurred in 24.6%. The rate of distant metastasis development was statistically higher in the very young group (31% vs. 11%; P = 0.004). Thirteen patients (10.7%) died due to disease progression. Thirty-seven percent of the patients had a positive family history for either breast or ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Very young breast cancer patients seem to have a more aggressive disease course. The low rate of childbearing in this young patient population is conspicuous. An interdisciplinary approach for the management of this special patient population should be taken into consideration.

Aim of the study Although early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) is often associated with a good prognosis, there is currently no biomarker with high sensitivity serving this purpose. B7H3, a recently identified member of the B7 family, appears to inhibit antitumor immunity. We investigated the soluble B7H3 (sB7H3) level in BC and its relationship with clinicopathological variables and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs). Material and methods The study, which was designed as a cross-sectional trial between January 2020 and September 2021, included 93 BC patients, 20 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 14 healthy volunteers as the control group. Serum sB7H3 levels were measured using the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method and sTILs were measured by immunohistochemistry using Tru-cut biopsy materials. Results sB7H3 levels in BC patients were significantly higher than those in patients with BBD and healthy volunteers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed that sB7H3 level may be a potential biomarker for distinguishing patients with BC from those with BBD (AUC: 0.807; sensitivity: 0.786; specificity: 0.706) and from healthy volunteers (AUC: 0.731; sensitivity: 0.700; specificity: 0.692). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the relationship between sB7H3 and disease parameters in BC. We found that sB7H3 may be a clinically practical and meaningful biomarker in differentiating BC from BBD. In order to evaluate the relationship of B7H3 with clinical variables in BC, and especially with sTILs, tissue-based studies with higher numbers of patients are needed.

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BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer receiving an active systemic therapy are at a high risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, the antibody response and long-term results of the inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) vaccine in these patients compared to the non-cancer population are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) specifi c IgG positivity against two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine in breast and lung cancer patients receiving systemic therapy, to determine the factors affecting seropositivity, and to observe long-term results up to a secondary booster vaccine. RESULTS: The analysis included 201 cancer patients (99 breasts, 102 lungs; median age: 59 years (range: 28-92), 42.3 % men) and 97 controls (median age: 62 years (range: 24-87), 38.1 % men). The seropositivity rate for RBD IgG after 2 doses of vaccine in the cancer group was 81.6 % (n = 164) and 93.8 % (n = 91) in the control group (p = 0.005). The median IgG titer of cancer patients was signifi cantly lower than in the control group ( 338 (IQR, 95-933) AU/mL vs 676 (IQR, 389-1270) AU/mL; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of all the patients determined that having cancer (OR: 0.303, 95%CI: 0.123-0.750, p = 0.010) and being over 60 years of age (OR: 0.447, 95%CI: 0.218-0.917, p = 0.028) was associated with a reduced vaccine response. A subgroup analysis of cancer patients revealed that seroconversion was lower in men than in women (75.3 % vs 86.2 %, p=0.049) and lower in ≥60 patients than in < 60 patients (75.9 % vs 89.4 %, p = 0.014). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Cancer patients receiving an active systemic therapy with two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine had a lower antibody response than the non-cancer population, and deaths due to COVID-19 may occur in these patients despite the vaccine. Therefore, extensive protective measures should be taken to protect against COVID-19 in cancer patients aged 60 years and older, who have received two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 27).