Graphene Nanosheets (GNs) have been successfully added to the palm oil fuel ash (POFA) based geopolymer with KOH activator to improve the geopolymer compressive strength. The graphene was synthesized using turbulence assisted shear exfoliation (TASE) method and identified using Raman spectroscopy. The influence of concentrations and weight percent of graphene against the compressive strength, porosity, and morphological properties were investigated. The crystallinity phases of geopolymer and graphene were also identified using XRD. Raman spectroscopy revealed that graphene produced by TASE method had ≥ 3 layers (graphene nanosheets, GNs). Furthermore, Raman maping constructed by the intensity D band showed the graphene had different atomic arrangements at the edge (armchair and zigzag). The compressive strength and the porosity tests showed that increasing the concentration and the weight percent of graphene increased the compressive strength and reduced the porosity. The highest compressive strength and the lowest porosity (10.8 MPa and 5.92%, respectively) were exhibited by the geopolymer synthesized using 0.7 wt% graphene with concentrations of 30 mg/ml. The SEM micrographs indicated that the graphene reduced the porosity of geopolymers with a pores fulfilling mechanism due to of very small of graphene nanosheets size (∼60 - ∼80 nm).

The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia had a significant impact on the industrial sector. One of them is the natural rubber industry which has experienced a decline due to export restrictions from natural rubber export destination countries. This has a direct impact on rubber farmers who suffer financial losses. The formation of a new natural rubber downstream industry for natural rubber modified asphalt is a solution to increase national rubber consumption without relying on exports. Therefore, the purpose of carrying out the asphalt title test based on natural rubber type crepe rubber is to evaluate technical feasibility and educate the public about using natural rubber for domestic needs. This service method consists of several stages: observing the absorption potential of natural rubber, analyzing technical feasibility, and evaluating the degree test of natural rubber modified asphalt. The degree test was carried out on the 10-meter road around the Faculty of Engineering, Riau University. The results of the degree test show that the modified asphalt raw material is based on crepe rubber, the asphalt sample marshall test that was held, and the core drill test meets the 2018 Highways standard. The degree test that has been carried out can educate the community and rubber farmers through APKARKUSI regarding natural rubber processing technology and compound making. Crepe rubber and the technology of making modified asphalt and applying modified asphalt for roads.