Organic and inorganic pollutants such as N, P, and heavy metals are a serious problem in water bodies (lake, reservoir, river, and stream) and have deleterious effects to pond productivity and human health. These pollutants produced from anthropogenic activities (i.e. industrial, agricultural, and settlement) are released into the water bodies and causing poor water quality. Constructed wetland (CW) is one of the technologies that have the capability to solve such problems. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the efficiency of constructed wetland in terms of reducing pollutants from the stream as a water resource for aquaculture area and increasing fish production. Two kinds of treatments were set up: one fish pond culture with constructed wetland and the other one without constructed wetland (control). Each treatment consisted of three replications. The result showed that water quality in the fish pond with CW was better than the control. Constructed wetland were able to reduce ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), TN, phosphate (PO4-P), TP, Cu, Pb, and As concentrations to 15.00%-88.27%, 9.52%-72.73%, 11.11%-57.14%, 20%-66.67%, 24.44%-80.77%, 12.04%-77.95%, 50.00%-100%, 56.25%-100%, and 46.83%-100%, respectively. Nile tilapia cultured in pond using CW was higher than the control in terms of total length, body weight, and survival rate. The t test revealed that nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in pond with CW and the control has significant difference (P<0.01) in terms of total length, body weight, and survival rate. This is the evidence that constructed wetland technology is very useful on improving water quality and increasing pond productivity of nile tilapia cultured in the freshwaterpond.

This study examined how saddleback syndrome (SBS) and vertebral deformity affect the body shape and size of juvenile stage red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, using the landmark-based geometric morphometrics method. According to the criterion of skeletal conditions, three groups, i.e. vertebral deformity, SBS, and normal groups, were identified. The results revealed significant differences in body shape among the three groups, in which the vertebral-deformed group had the deepest mid-body, the broadest anterior part, and a shortened caudal peduncle, while the SBS group showed the shallowest mid-body and the narrowest anterior part. The normal group had a body shape intermediate between the vertebral and SBS groups. A comparison of body size among the three groups revealed significant differences in centroid size, with the vertebral-deformed and SBS groups showing smallest and largest centroid size, respectively. This study illuminates that not all skeletal deformities lead to smaller body size. We suggest that rearing conditions might have caused the deformities reported herein.

Climbing perch is one of economically-valued local fish in Indonesia, particularly in Borneo, Sumatra, and Java Islands. The fish has the potential to be developed as freshwater aquaculture species. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production performance and blood profile of climbing perch cultured in peat pond with different stocking densities. The research was conducted in Kereng Bangkiray Village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya City, Central of Borneo. Nine fish ponds sized 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 1.5 m were used. Nets with a mesh size of 1 cm measuring 2.0 m x 1.5 m x 1.0 m was installed in each fish pond for the experiment. The treatment consisted of different stocking densities, namely 15 fish/m2, 30 fish/m2, and 45 fish/m2. Fish with the body weight of 20 ± 1.25 g were used. Fish were cultured for four months. An artificial diet containing 30% protein was given with a feeding rate of 5%. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized design. The result showed that the production performances (i.e. survival, specific growth rate, absolute weight, and biomass) were significantly higher at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 than that of 45 fish/m2 (P<0.05). Blood profile such as glucose, erythrocyte, leucocyte, and hemoglobin were higher at the density of 45 fish/m2 except for hematocrit which was higher at the densities of 30 and 15 fish/m2. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia at the densities of 15 and 30 fish/m2 showed better values than that of 45 fish/m2 stocking density. To optimize the productivity and maintain the optimum water quality condition, the optimal stocking density for climbing perch culture is suggested at 30 fish/m2.

ABSTRAKPenggunaan insektisida endosulfan dalam bidang pertanian berpotensi untuk mencemari sumberdaya dan lingkungan perikanan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas serta potensi bioakumulasi dan bioeliminasi insektisida endosulfan pada ikan mas. Hewan uji adalah ikan mas berukuran panjang total 3,65 ± 0,247 cm dengan bobot badan 0,81±0,098 g/ekor, bahan uji berupa formulasi insektisida dengan bahan aktif endosulfan 350 g/L. Dilakukan uji toksisitas letal (LC 50 ) dengan metode bioassay untuk waktu pemaparan 24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam; uji bioakumulasi dengan cara memaparkan ikan mas dalam larutan endosulfan pada konsentrasi 0%,10%, 30%, dan 50% dari nilai LC 50 -96 jam; uji bioeliminasi untuk waktu pemaparan dalam air bersih selama 5, 10, dan 15 hari. Analisis konsentrasi endosulfan dalam air dan ikan dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan gas kromatografi (GC). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa: insektisida endosulfan bersifat sangat toksik terhadap ikan mas dengan nilai LC 50 -96 jam sebesar 2,42 (2,20-2,65) µg/L; bioakumulasi meningkat dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi dan waktu pemaparan hingga mencapai steady state; semakin tinggi konsentrasi endosulfan dalam air maka nilai biokonsentrasi faktor (BCF) akan semakin rendah dan nilai bioeliminasi endosulfan dalam tubuh ikan mas sebesar 0,24% per jam.

Ikan betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) termasuk ikan perairan tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting dan sangat disukai karena memiliki daging yang tebal, tulangnya sedikit, dan gurih. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh dalam kegiatan budidaya adalah salinitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan salinitas optimum dalam pemeliharaan benih ikan betutu yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sintasan dan pertumbuhannya. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakukan berdasarkan perbedaan salinitas yaitu kontrol ppt, 1 ppt, 3 ppt, dan 5 ppt. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik, panjang mutlak, bobot mutlak, dan kadar glukosa darah terhadap kontrol (salinitas 0 ppt) setelah dipelihara selama 56 hari. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak, bobot mutlak, dan glukosa darah paling baik dijumpai pada benih yang dipelihara dengan salinitas 3 ppt, yaitu 0,94 ± 0,09%; 2,53 ± 0,35 mm; 37,33 ± 6,28 g; dan 0,06 ± 0,01 g/dL. Pemeliharaan benih betutu membutuhkan air bersalinitas. Untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan sintasan air media budidaya disarankan bersalinitas 3 ppt.Sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) is one of freshwater fish that has high economic value and is more desired for its thick meat, bone less, and tasteful. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors in fish culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal salinity concentration on growth and survival of sand goby fish. A completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study with four treatments of salinity levels comprising A) Control; B) 1 ppt; C) 3 ppt; D) 5 ppt. Each treatment was consisted of three replicates. The result showed significant differences (P<0.05) in specific growth rate, absolute length, absolute weight, and blood glucose among the treatments against control after 56 days cultured. Seed reared under the salinity of 3 ppt was better than other treatments in terms of specific growth rate (0.94±0.09%), absolute length (2.53±0.35 mm), absolute weight (37.3±6.28 mg), and blood glucose (0.06±0.01 g/dl). Based on the present result, it was suggested that 3 ppt of salinity is better for optimize the growth and survival of sand goby.