The author describes a new method of determining the isothermal deviations of a real gas from compliance with ideal gas laws. This method eliminates all volume and mass measurements from the experimental observations, and permits calculation of the deviations from observations of pressures and temperatures only.

Controlling rain penetration is one of the most important func tions of the building enclosure. Despite its importance, the design for rain penetra tion is typically based on experience and rules of thumb that make use of tradi tional details. Designers and analysts have no theory to guide them. This paper develops a rational means of describing, understanding, and classifying rain control for the above-grade enclosure. The manner in which walls and roofs actually control rain in service is then discussed. The rain control classification developed is a rigorous and practical means of un derstandmg the function of each layer and material in an assembly This approach will aid the development of realistic test methods and provide the means for a more accurate assessment of the reasons for enclosure failures and therefore the proper repair and retrofit strategies.

Wetting, in particular rain wetting, of walls with a masonry veneer is an important performance consideration for reasons of aesthetics, durability, and utility. Over the past four years, a variety of full-scale clay brick veneer wall systems have been tested in the BEGHUT field test facility. These long-term investigations of the response of wall systems to the southwestern Ontario climate have involved observation of both the exterior and interior environments as well as the performance of the brick veneer. Standard and non-standard air and rain penetration testing has been conducted. Temperature, vapor pressure, air pressures, and brickwork moisture content have been measured. The contribution of vents of various kinds and the flow characteristics (both air and water) of the region behind the screen has been studied. In the latest project, two weather stations are used to monitor the sun, wind, rain, and driving rain. There are also 14 driving rain gauges mounted on the walls of the facility. The objective of this paper is to propose a probabilistic model relating the wind, rain, and rain penetration. Driving rain, wetting, and surface drainage are discussed in some detail. Some of the more significant preliminary results of this research and its application to wall performance and rain penetration testing, especially for brick veneers, are presented and discussed.

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