No abstract

Every interactive system has a functional part and an interactive part. However the software engineering and the human-computer-interaction communities work separately in terms of methods, models and tools, which induces a work overhead for integrating the results of these efforts, as well as increased inconsistency risks. We endeavour to treat this problem by proposing a design method, which couples the functional kernel and the interaction design. In particular, this method proposes a specific way of structuring the interaction and the business spaces. The structure is based on components called Symphony Objects. In this article, we attempt to evaluate the technical aspect of a Symphony Object model issued from the method by measuring its implementations with software metrics.

International audience With the massive spread of Internet use, the accessibility of user interfaces (UI) is an ever more pressing need. Much work has been developed on this subject in order to define generic or situational accessibility recommendations and to propose tools for user interface adaptation. However, difficulties remain, particularly related to the complexity of possible contexts of use, such as the multiplicity of characteristics of the context of use, the imprecision of the values assigned to these characteristics and the combination of multiple adaptation rules. This article shows how a dynamic adaptation engine based on fuzzy logic can be used to implement accessibility recommendations. We show how this approach makes it possible to overcome these difficulties through fuzzy logic with the capacity to manage combinatorial rules, making it possible to take into account potentially complex contexts of use. This approach is illustrated with a concrete example. Avec la diffusion massive de l'utilisation d'Internet, l'accessibilité des interfaces est un besoin toujours plus prégnant. De nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur ce sujet afin de définir des recommandations d'accessibilité génériques ou situationnelles, et proposer des outils d'adaptation des interfaces utilisateurs. Cependant, des difficultés, notamment liées à la complexité des contextes d'usage possibles, demeurent tels que la multiplicité des caractéristiques du contexte d'usage, l'imprécision des valeurs attribuées à ces caractéristiques et la combinaison de multiples règles d'adaptation. Cet article montre comment un moteur d'adaptation dynamique basé sur la logique floue peut être utilisé pour implémenter les préconisations en accessibilité. Il montre comment cette approche permet de dépasser ces verrous grâce à la logique floue et sa gestion de la combinatoire des règles, permettant de prendre en compte un contexte d'usage potentiellement complexe que nous illustrons avec un exemple concret.

Design and development methods do not meet designers' and developers' needs. They are difficult to learn and to use; they are complex, sequential and rigid and thus far from being adapted, reliable and efficient. This paper presents M2Flex, a process metamodel for highly supporting flexibility. M2Flex is based on a recent definition of flexibility along four dimensions: (1) variability, the existence of equivalent choices, (2) granularability, the existence of different levels of details, (3) completeness, the possibility of defining optional components and pre-defined reusable results, and (4) distensibility, the capacity of the resulting process model to be extended or reduced at runtime. This paper shows how M2Flex is original by the flexibility it offers to designers and developers at runtime.