A vi o lên cia na es co la fran ce sa: 30 anos de cons tru ção so ci al do ob je to 1 (1967-1997) 2 Éric De bar bi e ux Uni ver si té de Bor de a ux II Éric DE BAR BI E UX. A vi o lên cia na es co la fran ce sa: 30 anos...

In recent years, violence in schools has become a major preoccupation all over the world. This has led to a considerable increase in the number of public policies and programmes aimed at tackling the problem, as well as to a very large number of empirical studies. In this article, we begin by showing that this research goes part of the way toward making up for the lack of administrative knowledge of the problem, in particular concerning the prevalence of the phenomenon. It examines the possibility of there being a link between the globalisation of worries about school violence and economic globalisation. To do so, it analyses the hypothetical link between school violence and social inequalities. The literature is precise on this question, opting in favour of there being a strong link between the two: the sociology of violence in schools is a sociology of social exclusion. Research also shows, however, that these causes that are external to schools are not the only explanation of the process and, in particular, that effects linked with the institutions themselves or the system give good reason to hope that action can be effective.

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La violence en milieu scolaire est l'occasion d'un discours de décadence qui réactive la vieille catégorie anthropologique de « l'enfant-sauvage », infra-humain et de peu de raison. Ce discours de la décadence prend parfois un tour nationalitaire, en opposant barbarie et civilisation. L'explication ethnicisante de la violence scolaire en est une conséquence. La crise identitaire que révèle la violence se nourrit de l'exclusion sociale et de la mutation postmoderne de l'idéologie éducative. Peut-être la solution réside- t-elle dans une action modeste plutôt que dans la recherche éperdue de valeurs métasociales ou de grands récits peu efficaces pour assurer la refondation de l'identité en souffrance.