Objective: Burst spinal cord stimulation (B-SCS) has been shown to reduce neuronal firing in the anterior cingulate cortex through selective modulation of the medial pain pathway tract. This pain pathway communicates the affective component of pain processing. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of B-SCS on psychosocial functioning and its influence on pain and quality of life.Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with chronic, intractable pain of the trunk, and/or lower limbs were enrolled. After a successful trial period, subjects received a permanent implant and returned for follow-up at 6-and 12-months.Results: In total, 269 patients were enrolled at 22 centers. Trial success rate was 90%. Significant improvements in pain, physical, mental, and emotional functioning were observed from baseline to the 6-and 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Overall, patients had improved quality of life, became more active, and the negative impact of pain on daily life was decreasing. At one year, 81% of subjects were satisfied or very satisfied with their therapy. Subjects showing significant improvements on mental health outcomes reported enhanced pain relief and quality of life scores compared with subjects with continued impaired mental health at follow-up. At one year, 89% of subjects who were taking opioids at baseline decreased or stayed at the same level of opioid use; 19% stopped taking any opioids. No unanticipated adverse events have been reported.Conclusions: One-year outcomes after B-SCS show improvements across all evaluated psychological measures with the largest impact observed on catastrophizing and depression (the affective component of pain processing). These pain-related beliefs and behaviors, and not pain intensity, have been shown to put patients at greatest risk of a poor prognosis and quality of life.

These results may guide pain clinic physicians as they seek to improve patient perceptions of their care and ultimately patient outcomes.

The aim of this study was to assess long-term safety and effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation using a passive recharge burst stimulation design for chronic intractable pain in the trunk and/or limbs. Herein we present 24-month outcomes from the TRIUMPH study (NCT03082261). Summary of Background Data. Passive recharge burst spinal cord stimulation (B-SCS) uniquely mimics neuronal burst firing patterns in the nervous system and has been shown to modulate the affective and attentional components of pain processing. Methods. After a successful trial period, subjects received a permanent SCS implant and returned for follow-up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results. Significant improvements in physical, mental, and emotional functioning observed after 6 months of treatment were maintained at 2 years. Pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) scores dropped below the population norm. Health-related quality of life on EQ-5D improved across all domains and the mean index score was within one standard deviation of norm. Pain reduction (on NRS) was statistically significant (P < 0.001) at all timepoints. Patient reported pain relief, a stated percentage of improvement in pain, was consistent at all timepoints at 60%. Patients reported significant improvements across all measures including activity levels and impact of pain on daily life. At 24 months, 84% of subjects were satisfied and 90% would recommend the procedure. Subjects decreased their chronic pain medication intake for all categories; 38% reduced psychotropic and muscle relaxants, 46% reduced analgesic, anti-convulsant and NSAIDs, and 48% reduced opioid medication. Adverse events occurred at low rates without unanticipated events. Conclusion. Early positive results with B-SCS were maintained long term. Evidence across multiple assessment tools show that B-SCS can alleviate pain intensity, psychological distress, and improve physical function and health-related quality of life.

Background: Chronic pain patients implanted with a neurostimulation device typically require follow-up and device programming visits to address changes in symptoms or treatment. Follow-up visits require access to specialty care and necessitate patients to take time off work, commute long distances, arrange for travel, and/or work with a caregiver's schedule. Telemedicine was adopted for some patient management as a result of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic; however, remote optimization for neuromodulation still required an inperson visit to adjust device parameters. An FDA-approved digital platform enables remote programming of an implanted neuromodulation device using a real-time audio-video link from the clinical programmer to the patient controller. The Remote Optimization, Adjustment, and Measurement for Chronic Pain Therapy (ROAM-CPT) is a multi-center, prospective study that is currently underway to access the effectiveness of the teleprogramming system in fulfilling patients' clinical demands. Methods: This pilot study surveyed 16 patients to determine the ability of the teleprogramming platform to provide a rapid solution safely and effectively for patient's chronic pain. Data were collected using a questionnaire that asked 6 clinician-centric questions and 5 patient-centric questions. Results: 4/4 surveyed physicians were able to address patients' needs. 16/16 surveyed patients reported a quick resolution to pain and 15/16 did not require additional follow-up. Data curated from this pilot study show that the teleprogramming application greatly improves patient care, is preferred by both clinicians and patients with minimal disruptions to patients' everyday lives. Conclusion: Teleprogramming provides real-time virtual programming capabilities and optimizes patients' therapy. Perspective: This article describes remote device programming and analysis as an alternative to in-person programming/treatment sessions for neuromodulation patients. This remote option gives patients access to timely and clinically appropriate device management when in-person care may not be available.

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