Purpose Motorcycle-related injuries involving the eye and orbit are not well characterized, with a paucity of prospective studies focusing specifically on motorcycle-associated eye injuries nor literature reviews having been conducted on the subject. To better understand the injury types and descriptive characteristics of patients experiencing motorcycle-associated eye injuries, we sought to conduct a narrative review. Methods The research team utilized the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to query for English articles from peer-reviewed journals that provided some patient data regarding eye injury due to motorcycle or moped accidents or usage. Results A total of 65 studies were included in our qualitative synthesis. Of these studies, 40 (61.5%) were case reports, 20 retrospective case series (30.8%), and five (7.69%) were observational prospective studies. Among the 25 retrospective and prospective studies, 12 (48.0%) of these studies primarily focused on motorcycle-associated injuries. These 65 studies described a wide variety of motorcycle-associated eye injuries, including but not limited to orbital fractures and associated sequelae, foreign bodies, vitreoretinal trauma, neuro-ophthalmic trauma, corneal injuries, open globe injuries, lacerations, and globe avulsions. Conclusion The current state of the literature indicates that knowledge regarding the ocular manifestations of motorcycle accidents is limited to mostly case reports and few retrospective cohort studies focused specifically on motorcycle-associated eye injuries. However, it is evident that the types of motorcycle-associated eye injuries are legion and predominantly seen in adult males, potentially leading to severe injuries and loss of vision and blindness.

The insertion-limbus distances of the extraocular muscles are clinically relevant in the preoperative planning of strabismus surgeries, especially in reoperations when information regarding insertion sites is not accessible to the surgeon. In this systematic review, we assess the reliability of time-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (TD AS-OCT) in determining insertion-limbus distances preoperatively by investigating prior studies that compare preoperative TD AS-OCT measurements of the insertion-limbus distances to those of calipers, which are assumed to be the gold standard. Methods: Systematically reviewing EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, 2 members screened for studies that compared preoperative TD AS-OCT measurements to those of intraoperative calipers, the gold standard. To assess the risk of bias for individual studies, the reviewers utilized the ROBINS-I tool, a Cochrane's collaboration tool used to assess bias in studies that are not randomized. For the meta-analysis, parallel forms reliability was examined and estimated as the Pearson productmoment correlation between TD AS-OCT measurements and surgical caliper measurements. Results: Six out of the seven eligible studies provided measures of reliability that were >0.7. These six records were eligible for metaanalysis. There was no evidence of a difference between means of TD AS-OCT and caliper measurements (μ ASÀ oct = 6.81, 95% CI [6.41, 7.22]; μcalipers = 6.73, 95% CI [6.18, 7.29]; Δ = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.44, 0.61]). Reliability was estimated to be good (ρ xx = 0.91) though the lower limit was slightly below the recommended minimum acceptable level of 0.70 (95% CI [0.65, >0.99]). Conclusion:In the setting of primary surgeries, TD AS-OCT has an acceptable reliability. However, there is insufficient data to conclude whether TD AS-OCT has an acceptable reliability in the setting of reoperations.