This study demonstrates the nature progression of CM and quantifies the clinical characteristics of hypertrophy and nodule formation with untreated head and neck CM. Early and continuous treatment is recommended in hopes of preventing CM progression.

We performed an extensive review of the literature to compare the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to surgical resection, the current standard of care, in the treatment of adults with early-stage (T1-2N0M0) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. Since patients who receive PDT are chosen with a high degree of selectivity, particular care was taken when extracting data for comparison. For outcomes measures, PDT was assessed in terms of a complete response to therapy, and surgery was evaluated in terms of locoregional control. Recurrences were also analyzed. We found 24 studies—12 for each treatment—to compare for this meta-analysis. In comparing a complete response to PDT and locoregional control with surgery, we found no statistically significant difference (mean difference [MD]: 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.479 to 2.839). With respect to recurrences, again no statistically significant difference was observed (MD: 0.552; 95% CI: 0.206 to 1.477). We conclude that PDT is as effective as primary surgical resection for the treatment of early-stage SCC of the oral cavity and that it is a valid function-preserving approach to treatment.

Scars are a natural part of dermal healing following lacerations, incisions, or tissue loss. The ideal scar is narrow, flat, level with surrounding tissue, and difficult for the untrained eye to see due to color match and placement parallel to relaxed skin tension lines; however, scarring that is dyspigmented, hypertrophied, widened, contracted, or atrophic can be aesthetically displeasing or causing functional limitations. When the scar has unfavorable characteristics, scar revision is often indicated and the cosmetic surgeon must be knowledgeable of the minimally invasive as well as surgical techniques to improve aesthetics, reduced reoccurrence, or correct functional limitations.