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Popularly known as “catingueira”, Poincianella Bracteosa is widely used by communities in the vicinity of the municipality of Tanhaçu, in Bahia to combat cough and bronchitis, therefore, based on data from a survey was performed ethnobotanical Phytochemical prospecting of the ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of poincianella Bracteosa, as well as the determination of antioxidant capacity and the levels of total phenolics and flavonoids present in the ethanolic extract and fractions. The study involved the obtaining of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the species under study, by percolation with a 70% solution hidroetanólica. The fractionation of the ethanolic extract was performed with three different solvent (hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The preliminary analysis of chemical composition was made by in vitro tests, with specific reagents for the different classes of secondary metabolites. The quantification of phenolics and total flavonoids was made by methods espectrofotométricos in the region of visible. The assessment of antioxidant capacity was performed by the method of kidnapping of free radicals DPPH and by method of reduction of iron ions (FRAP). The results of chemical prospecting demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, gums and mucilage, heterosídeos antociânicos and condensed tannins in the ethanolic extract, being confirmed by quantification of total phenolics and total flavonoids. The ethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fractions (SAF) and diclorometânica (FD) showed a strong antioxidant capacity, being that the SAF fraction was the most active, with EC50 of 3.07±0.05 μg.mL-1.The results show that the studied species is rich in phenolic compounds and has a strong antioxidant capacity, showing great potential for application as a natural antioxidant.