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A simple aqueous acetylation method was successfully applied to the analysis of ppb to low ppm levels of phenolic compounds in waste-waters from the Syncrude Canada Ltd. oil sands plant in northern Alberta. Phenolics in process-affected waters, as well as surface and ground waters were extracted as acetate derivatives from aqueous solution, quantitated by FID-GC and identified by GC-MS. Phenol, cresols and several other alkylphenols were identified in tailings pond waters whereas only traces of phenol and the cresols could be detected in other samples analyzed.

Instruments that simultaneously count and size individual particles can be used for analyzing raw‐water particulates, optimizing chemical dosages, measuring particulates in filter effluent, determining filter efficiency in terms of percent removal of particles, and many other applications. A single particle counter will not, however, be universally applicable to all of these circumstances. The type of particle counter required will be determined by the types of water samples to be analyzed and the ultimate use of the data. Commercially available particle counters differ in terms of operational principles as well as complexity, particle size range capabilities, concentration limits, resolution, data‐processing power, and physical installation requirements. Basic features of particle counters and a step‐by‐step approach for evaluating particle counter capabilities are discussed, along with installation considerations for water quality monitoring in discrete and on‐line sampling configurations.