Although organic farming is an important topic for society, at the European level there have been few achievements so far. Despite its constant increase, the demand for organic food in Europe is outweighing the development of this sector. As such, we aim to assess the interaction between conventional and organic agriculture, as well as their impact on the value of agricultural production at the European level. The main objective of this article is the assessment of the impact of organic farming, as compared with conventional agriculture, on sustainable development of European countries. Therefore, we used panel models based on data collected from the Eurostat database. We found that an increase of 1% of the organic farming areas will generate a contraction in agricultural production of 0.278%, whereas a 1% increase in the production of fertilizers would generate an increase of 0.260% in agriculture production. Moreover, an increase of 1% in the production of plant protection substances and in gross capital formation would generate increases of 0.1190% and 0.0933%, respectively, in agriculture production. The obtained results depend mainly on the characteristics of work on land, as some agricultural engineering methods (crop rotation, pest control, use of fertilizers etc.) influence productivity and production.
Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a central role at the European level because it fosters innovation and increases productivity through an enlarged access to information. As such, the main objective of this work was to assess the impact of various ICT core indicators at the European Union level on two of their sustainable development goals: economic growth and reduction of inequality. To this purpose, we used panel data models based on data collected from the Eurostat database. We proposed two panel data regression models, according to which we found a positive statistically significant relationship between the variable measuring level of internet access and change in GDP per capita. We also found a negative relationship between the transition towards a digital society and the dependent variable INEQ_INC, namely an increase of 1% of ICT sector share in GDP will lead to a decrease of 0.27% of income inequality distribution. This result showed that the progress made in implementing a digital society may decrease societal income inequality.
Brain drain is a phenomenon that, over time, has followed an upward trend. It is an important component represented by physicians’ migration. For the country of destination, the migration of physicians offers several advantages, whereas the country of origin loses skilled and sometimes highly trained individuals. This process will be reflected both in the efficiency of the health system (severe employment shortage) and in the quality of the health system services. After Romania’s accession to the EU, the migration of doctors intensified, significantly increasing the shortage of physicians. The purpose of this article is to identify the push factors that influence the physicians’ decision to migrate from Romania. For this, a panel regression analysis was applied, highlighting that physicians’ migration is influenced by several factors, such as the number of beds in hospitals, the number of emigrants, unemployment rate, and income. At the same time, we analyzed the extent to which public policy measures addressed to the remuneration of medical staff influenced the propensity towards external mobility of the practicing doctors, already employed and/or graduates. The results confirm that public policies can be a tool for redistributing the labor force allocation on the labor market. Moreover, the results of our analysis highlight that specific measures do not solve the system crises facing the health sector. Systemic, multidimensional changes are needed, adapted to the needs of medical services specific to the geographical area and adequate to the health status of the population.
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