Background We know little about how well the goals and results of clinical trials in Parkinson disease (PD) reflect the priorities of patients and the broader PD community. Objectives We conducted a review of registered trials on http://clincialtrials.gov from 2007 to 2016 to explore whether PD trials have moved closer to the therapeutic priority goals articulated by the PD community. Methods Using the search terms: Parkinson, interventional trials, phase “0‐4,” we categorized therapeutic PD studies from http://clinicaltrials.gov between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016. Seven hundred and sixty‐six trials met the criteria for analysis. We explored temporal trends in the utilization of balance problems and falls; mood symptoms, including stress and anxiety; cognitive dysfunction, including dementia; and dyskinesias as primary outcomes. We analyzed trials where recruitment was listed as “completed” (n = 391) to explore publication rates. Results Balance problems and falls were listed as primary outcome measures in 125 studies (16.3%), cognitive measures in 48 (6.3%), mood features in 37 (4.8%), and dyskinesias in 30 (3.9%). Trials using balance problems and falls as a primary outcome increased in frequency per year between 2007 and 2016 (Z = ‐2.128, p = 0.033) unlike the proportion of trials evaluating cognitive dysfunction including dementia (Z = ‐0.380, p = 0.704), mood symptoms including stress and anxiety (Z = 0.345, p = 0.730), or dyskinesias (Z = 0.340, p = 0.734), which did not show temporal changes. 231 (59.1%) completed trials had results published in manuscript form as of 5/1/2017, leaving 40.9% of trials unpublished. Conclusions PD trials focusing on balance problems and falls are becoming more common. About 40% of completed PD trials are unpublished, reflecting suboptimal utilization of participant efforts.

Objective Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the primary causes of end‐stage renal disease in many countries. Although several candidate substances have shown efficacy against DKD, no effective clinical treatment methods have been established for preventing the progression of DKD. It was recently noted that the occurrence of oxidative stress, one of the contributors to the pathogenesis of DKD, is closely related to inflammatory cell mobilization, a process that increases inflammation by inducing the production of cytokines such as interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol‐27 (SMTP‐27), which is reported to have an anti‐inflammatory effect, in a mouse model of DKD. Methods The right kidneys of male type 2 diabetic db/db mice (6 weeks) were removed through small flank incisions under isoflurane anesthesia to induce DKD. Male C57BL/6J mice of the same age, subjected to the same surgery, were used as the control group. DKD mice are randomly assigned to the vehicle‐treated group, SMTP‐27‐treated group (30 mg/kg), or metformin‐treated group (300 mg/kg). They were treated from six to sixteen weeks of age: SMTP‐27 injections were administered intraperitoneally once every two days, and metformin was orally administered daily. Urinary albumin (Ualb), serum creatinine (Scr), and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured to evaluate renal function. In addition, histological examination of an excised kidney was performed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining and periodic acid–Schiff staining to evaluate tubular regeneration and glomerular sclerosis. Results Ualb and Scr levels were significantly higher and Ccr levels were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic db/db mice than in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, tubular regeneration and glomerular sclerosis were significantly higher in db/db mice than in C57BL/6J mice. In the type 2 diabetes model, metformin only improved Ualb with causing antihyperglycemic effects; in contrast, SMTP‐27 significantly improved Ualb, Scr, and Ccr without inducing antihyperglycemic effects. In addition, SMTP‐27 reduced tubular regeneration, whereas metformin did not. Neither drug reduced glomerular sclerosis. Conclusion Our results showed that SMTP‐27 improved DKD without inducing antihyperglycemic effects. Thus, SMTP‐27 is a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DKD. In future studies, we plan to investigate the mechanism of action of SMTP‐27 against DKD. Support or Funding Information This study was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (Grant Number 18K14958, awarded to KS; Grant Number 26460346, awarded to KN). SMTP‐27 was generously donated by TMS Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).